基于情景分析的城市暴雨内涝模拟研究

发布时间：2018-10-07 18:04

【摘要】：在全球复杂的气候变化和城市化加快发展的背景下,城市极端暴雨天气事件频发,已经严重威胁到人们的正常生活和安全。对不同情景下城市暴雨内涝过程的模拟研究,为有关部门采取有效的城市防涝排洪措施提供重要的科学依据。本文以西安市碑林区某区域为研究对象,利用ArcGGIS软件分析研究区域的地形数据,绘制排水管网概化图,基于SWMM模型建立地区城市内涝模拟模型,设计不同情景条件的城市内涝过程模拟,分析不同情景下城市内涝过程的流量变化过程和积水情况,为城市内涝应对机制的建立提供决策服务。本文主要研究成果如下:(1)建立了城市暴雨内涝模型。通过ArcGIS分析、实地调研和排水管网分布图等方法获取基础资料,基于SWMM模型建立内涝模拟模型。以一年一遇降雨模拟结果与实际区域路段的积水情况进行比较,发生内涝积水的路段与实际情况基本一致,验证模型具有良好的合理性。(2)基于情景分析的研究区城市内涝模拟。文中设计不同降雨重现期、不同降雨雨型和不同城市化水平三种情景,其中重现期的选取包括0.5a、1a、2a、5a以及10a等5种类型。从不同降雨重现期情景角度分析,径流系数随着降雨重现期增加呈现明显增大趋势,发生内涝的危险性增加;分析不同降雨重现期情景排水出口流量过程,重现期越长,洪峰流量越大且历时延长。选取雨峰系数r为0.3、0.4和0.5等3种不同情形的芝加哥雨型,结果表明雨峰系数越大会引起径流系数增大;相同的降雨重现期,三种不同雨型的管道超载情况基本一致;不同城市化水平情景下,城市化水平的增加速率和径流系数增加率相差不大。(3)不同降雨重现期情景下积水点模拟分析。模拟1a、2a、5a和10a四种重现期情景管网节点的溢流情况,五年一遇重现期甚至更高重现期情景的节点溢流流量更大;分析积水点流量和深度分布可知,主干路段内涝积水最严重;选择主要积水路段的典型积水点,分析发现,排水能力与管道的最大满流流量以及历时相关,可采取相应的措施改善管网。(4)基于综合集成平台的城市内涝模拟过程可视化。以知识图可视化、业务组件化和综合集成平台等为技术支撑,通过绘制研究区域排水管网知识图,实现管网中多个对象信息在线展示,并绘制相关流量变化曲线图,为用户提供决策服务。
[Abstract]:Under the background of global complex climate change and rapid development of urbanization, urban extreme rainstorm weather events frequently occur, which has seriously threatened people's normal life and safety. The simulation of urban rainstorm waterlogging process under different scenarios provides an important scientific basis for relevant departments to take effective measures to prevent urban waterlogging and flood discharge. In this paper, a region in Bei'er Forest District of Xi'an City is taken as the research object. The terrain data of the studied area are analyzed by ArcGGIS software, the general map of drainage pipe network is drawn, and the simulation model of urban waterlogging in the area is established based on SWMM model. This paper designs the simulation of urban waterlogging process under different scenarios, analyzes the flow changing process and water accumulation situation of urban waterlogging process under different scenarios, and provides a decision service for the establishment of urban waterlogging coping mechanism. The main research results are as follows: (1) the urban rainstorm waterlogging model is established. The basic data were obtained by ArcGIS analysis, field investigation and distribution map of drainage network, and the simulation model of waterlogging was established based on SWMM model. By comparing the simulation results of rainfall once a year with the hydrological situation in the actual region, the waterlogging section is basically consistent with the actual situation, which verifies that the model has good rationality. (2) the urban waterlogging simulation based on scenario analysis in the study area. Three scenarios of different rainfall recurrence periods, different rainfall patterns and different urbanization levels were designed in this paper. From the point of view of different rainfall recurrence period scenarios, the runoff coefficient increases obviously with the increase of rainfall recurrence period, and the risk of waterlogging increases, and the drainage outlet discharge process of different rainfall recurrence periods is analyzed, the longer the recurrence period, the longer the recurrence period. Hong Feng flow larger and longer duration. The results show that the runoff coefficient increases when the rainfall peak coefficient is higher than that of the general assembly, and the overloading of the three different types of rain is basically the same in the same rainfall recurrence period, and the rainfall peak coefficient r is 0.3% and 0.5 respectively, and the results show that the runoff coefficient increases when the rainfall peak coefficient is higher than that of the rainfall peak coefficient. Under different urbanization level scenarios, the increase rate of urbanization level and the increase rate of runoff coefficient are not different. (3) the hydrological point simulation analysis of different rainfall recurrence period scenarios. After simulating the overflow of the nodes in four recurrence periods (1a ~ 2a ~ (5a) and 10a), the nodes with a recurrence period of five years or even more than a recurrence period have a greater overflow flow, and the analysis of the flow and depth distribution of the water accumulation points shows that the waterlogging is the most serious in the main section of the road. The typical waterlogging points of the main waterlogging sections are selected, and it is found that the drainage capacity is related to the maximum overflowing flow and the duration of the pipeline, and the corresponding measures can be taken to improve the pipe network. (4) the visualization of the urban waterlogging simulation process based on the integrated platform. Based on visualization of knowledge graph, compartmentalization of business and integrated integration platform, through drawing knowledge map of drainage network in study area, online display of information of multiple objects in pipe network is realized, and curves of related flow change are plotted. Provide decision-making services to users.
【学位授予单位】：西安理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU992

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