基于高校宿舍区域突发事件人员疏散的仿真与方法研究

发布时间：2018-10-15 09:31

【摘要】：近年来,随着高等教育的不断扩招,高校中的人数越来越多,人群密集场所也日渐增多。相比于其他人群密集的场所而言,宿舍占据着学生日常生活中很大一部分的时间,与此同时,随着当代建筑业的发展,宿舍规模的扩大,当发生突发事件时,如何安全、合理、高效的将建筑物中的人员疏散到安全区域,已成为众多学者关注的课题。由于人员的疏散是一个复杂的系统,应急疏散演练受时间、环境以及个人心理因素的影响,往往与真实疏散存在一定的差别,并不能得到预期的疏散效果。同时还会耗费大量的人力和物力。所以,采用先进的计算机仿真技术对人员疏散进行研究,是当前该领域的一个重大课题。首先,本文通过对国内外的研究现状进行了分析,总结了相关的理论知识和研究趋势。在理论研究的基础上,针对现如今高校人群密集场所的结构特征,分析并总结其突发事件的类型,并对疏散流线,设备及通道通行能力和影响疏散的因素进行了分析。其次,人员疏散过程中的心理及行为对疏散的效率有直接的影响,本文通过对疏散人员的心理及疏散过程中的结伴行为、携带物品行为、出口瓶颈的竞争行为分别进行了理论及模拟研究,得出了各行为对疏散效率的影响,为后文的实例研究做了铺垫。另外,通过对多种疏散软件的对比,选择了能够有效的基于智能体进行建模,并且可以很好的构建交互式的连续和离散动态仿真的Anylogic作为本课题的仿真软件。最后,通过对高校较为典型的单一型和复合型两类宿舍楼疏散环境的研究,并对其进行建模和仿真实验,通过对所收集数据的分析,发现疏散过程中存在的问题,针对模型中存在的问题,对疏散模型及参数进行了有针对性的优化,从而大大降低了疏散人员暴露于危险环境中的时间,同时对疏散过程进行了评价并提出了一些意见及建议,为今后高校人员在突发事件下的紧急疏散提供了参考的依据。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous expansion of higher education, more and more people in colleges and universities, crowd-intensive places are also increasing. Compared with other crowded places, dormitories occupy a large part of the daily life of students. At the same time, with the development of contemporary construction industry and the expansion of dormitory scale, how to be safe and reasonable when emergencies occur. The efficient evacuation of people from buildings to safe areas has become a topic of concern to many scholars. As evacuation is a complex system, emergency evacuation drills are influenced by time, environment and personal psychological factors, which are often different from the actual evacuation, and can not get the expected evacuation effect. At the same time will also spend a lot of human and material resources. Therefore, using advanced computer simulation technology to study evacuation is an important subject in this field. Firstly, this paper analyzes the current situation of research at home and abroad, summarizes the relevant theoretical knowledge and research trend. On the basis of theoretical research, this paper analyzes and summarizes the types of emergent events in colleges and universities in the light of the structural characteristics of crowded places, and analyzes the flow lines, equipment and passage capacity of evacuation and the factors affecting evacuation. Secondly, the psychology and behavior in the process of evacuation have a direct impact on the efficiency of evacuation. The competition behavior of export bottleneck is studied in theory and simulation, and the influence of each behavior on evacuation efficiency is obtained. In addition, through the comparison of various evacuation software, we choose Anylogic, which can model effectively based on agent, and can build interactive continuous and discrete dynamic simulation as the simulation software of this subject. Finally, through the study of the evacuation environment of the typical single and compound dormitory buildings in colleges and universities, and the modeling and simulation experiments, through the analysis of the collected data, the problems in the evacuation process are found. Aiming at the problems existing in the model, the evacuation model and its parameters are optimized, thus greatly reducing the time that the evacuees are exposed to dangerous environment. At the same time, the evacuation process is evaluated and some suggestions and suggestions are put forward. It provides a reference for the emergency evacuation of university personnel in the future.
【学位授予单位】：中北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU241.3

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