基于LID技术的城市公园雨洪管理研究

发布时间：2018-10-15 18:50

【摘要】：城市化进程极大地改变了城市的不透水面面积,从而导致了地表径流总量增大、峰值径流量增加以及径流污染物增加等问题。针对当前城市中面临严峻的雨洪问题及传统的城市雨水排水系统的不足,以低影响开发(LID)理念为基础的海绵城市理念得到了越来越多的关注,同时,两批海绵城市试点城市的公布掀起了海绵城市建设的热潮。然而,基于LID理念的海绵城市是个比较新的概念,国内还缺乏足够的研究,亟需借鉴国外先进的雨洪管理理念和实践经验,结合国内城市发展的具体情况,探索适宜我国城市雨洪管理的技术与方法,以期为当前如火如荼的海绵城市建设提供有益的参考。城市公园是城市中的重要组成部分,对城市的雨洪调控能够发挥巨大作用,是当前海绵城市建设的重要内容,因而本研究主要以城市公园为研究对象,探索适合国内城市公园雨洪管理的技术措施。首先详细梳理了国内外雨洪管理的理论发展、实践经验及LID理论的基础,结合我国城市公园的现状,尝试提出适合我国城市公园雨洪管理的规划设计方法。接着借助降雨径流管理决策支持系统SUSTAIN模型,选取福州市的飞凤山奥体公园为研究对象,对提出的城市公园雨洪管理规划设计方法进行实地案例演示及验证,探索出适宜福州飞凤山奥体公园雨洪管理的规划设计方法,进而总结出适宜国内城市公园雨洪管控的规划设计方法。在运用SUSTAIN模型时,主要针对雨洪管理措施布局进行适宜性分析,确定各措施适宜建设的区域。通过现场资料的数化,模拟出研究区域内的开发前情景、传统开发模式场景、现状情景,和雨洪管理措施情景。使用2016年福州市每日每3小时的降雨量数据进行输入,模拟比较研究区域内开发前后的径流总量和污染物的变化。结果表明:(1)在开发后研究场地内相较于开发前径流总量增加了 205%;(2)年峰值流量增加了 13%;(3)年污染物总量增加了 192%;(4)年污染物浓度增加了 38%;模拟结果有效说明了场地开发后对水文环境产生了负面影响,加重了场地的雨洪管理问题。接着针对场地现状运用雨洪管理措施进行设计,结果表明:进行场地雨洪管理措施的设计后,年径流总量和年峰值流量上分别削减了 21.2%和17%;年污染物总量和年污染物浓度分别削减了 26.6%和8%。最后运用SUSTAIN系统的优化功能,进行方案的优化比选,得出了成本-效益最优的方案为:成本为1469044.06元,其年径流总量和年污染物总量削减率为26.9%和36.6%,达到了海绵城市建设中,福州市要求的年径流总量控制率在75%的目标。案例研究结果有力地验证了基于LID技术的雨洪管理措施的有效性,为今后的海绵城市建设提供了相应的借鉴。
[Abstract]:The urbanization process has greatly changed the impermeable surface area of the city, resulting in the increase of the total surface runoff, the increase of the peak runoff flow and the increase of runoff pollutants. In view of the severe problem of rain and flood in the current city and the shortage of the traditional drainage system of Rain Water, the concept of sponge city based on the concept of low-impact development of (LID) has been paid more and more attention to, at the same time, The announcement of two pilot cities of sponge cities set off an upsurge in the construction of sponge cities. However, the sponge city based on LID concept is a relatively new concept, which is lack of enough research in our country. It is urgent to draw lessons from the advanced rain flood management concept and practical experience of foreign countries, and combine with the specific situation of the development of domestic cities. In order to provide a useful reference for the construction of spongy city in full swing, this paper explores the appropriate techniques and methods for urban rain flood management in China. Urban park is an important part of the city. It can play a great role in the regulation of urban rain and flood. It is an important content of the sponge city construction at present. Therefore, this research mainly takes the city park as the research object. To explore suitable technical measures for rain flood management of urban parks in China. Firstly, the theoretical development, practical experience and LID theory of rain flood management at home and abroad are reviewed in detail. Combined with the present situation of urban parks in China, the planning and design methods suitable for rain flood management of urban parks in China are proposed. Then, with the help of SUSTAIN model of rainfall runoff management decision support system, this paper selects Feifeng Mountain Olympic Sports Park in Fuzhou as the research object, and demonstrates and verifies the design method of rainwater and flood management in urban park. The planning and design method of rain flood management suitable for Fuzhou Feifeng Mountain Olympic Games Park is explored, and the planning and design method suitable for urban park rain flood control in China is summarized. In the application of SUSTAIN model, the suitability analysis of rainwater and flood management measures is carried out, and the suitable areas for construction of each measure are determined. Through the digitization of the field data, the pre-development scenario, the traditional development model scene, the current situation scenario and the rainwater flood management situation in the study area are simulated. The data of rainfall every 3 hours per day in Fuzhou in 2016 were used to simulate and compare the changes of total runoff and pollutants before and after development. The results show that: (1) the total amount of runoff in the research site after development increased by 205%; (2) the annual peak flow increased by 13%; (3) the total amount of pollutants increased by 1922%; (4) the concentration of pollutants increased by 38% in the year; and the simulation results showed that Site development has had a negative impact on the hydrological environment, This has aggravated the problem of rain and flood management in the site. Then, according to the current situation of the site, rain flood management measures are used to design, the results show that: after the design of the site rain flood management measures, The total annual runoff and the annual peak discharge were reduced by 21.2% and 17%, respectively, and the total annual pollutant amount and the annual pollutant concentration were reduced by 26.6% and 8%, respectively. At last, by using the optimization function of SUSTAIN system, the optimal scheme of cost and benefit is obtained: the cost is 1469044.06 yuan, the annual runoff and total pollutant reduction rate are 26.9% and 36.6% respectively, which reach the construction of sponge city, and the results are as follows: (1) in the construction of sponge city, the optimal cost is 1469044.06 yuan, and the reduction rate of annual runoff and total pollutant amount is 26.9% and 36.6% respectively. Fuzhou requires a total annual runoff control rate of 75% of the target. The results of the case study prove the effectiveness of rain flood management measures based on LID technology and provide a reference for the construction of sponge city in the future.
【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU992;TU986

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