微静电新风净化装置过滤性能试验与风道结构优化

发布时间：2018-11-02 09:54

【摘要】：近年来雾霾天气频发,室内外空气质量越来越受到国人重视。新风净化机因其能通过引入室外洁净空气同时排出室内污染空气,快速净化室内环境,有较大的应用前景。我国的新风净化技术行业起步较晚,相关标准还未健全,市场上基于不同过滤单元和装置结构的新风净化机良莠不齐,产品说明中存在夸大宣传等问题,检测结果不能客观反映装置的性能。同时,像教室和办公室这样人员密集且对噪音有一定限制的场合对新风机处理风量、过滤性能、噪音有更高的要求。因此,对新风净化装置的性能、技术等方面进行系统全面的研究,探究新风净化装置的设计应用方向,意义重大。本课题针对微静电新风净化装置的过滤性能和管道结构形式进行试验研究,以期为低阻高效的新风净化装置的应用提供参考。选取上海为典型城市,调查其2014年1月到2016年10月颗粒物日均值状况,并对上海某学校教室进行污染物测试及调查。结果表明,对室外而言上海市连续3年年均PM_(2.5)浓度均超GB 3095—2012标准,未达到有效控制,且冬季超标最严重。对室内而言,50-60人教室通风量不足会导致CO_2浓度过高,并且CO_2浓度可在45分钟内达到2000ppm,影响学生的学习。在雾霾严重的情况下关闭门窗可以防止室内空气被外界空气污染,但不能使室内CO_2和颗粒污染物浓度自然降低到良好的范围内。所以,需要对教室引入室外新风并且需对室外新风进行净化处理。对市场新风净化装置常用过滤单元进行调研,针对调研结果选取常用过滤单元进行性能测试试验。设计了一个可置换多种不同过滤单元和过滤单元组合的双向新风净化试验装置,对比分析了G4粗效过滤、F7中效过滤、IFD装置、HEPA高效过滤的净化特性。主要测试内容包括装置处理风量、能耗、对颗粒物的一次过滤效率。结果表明IFD装置风阻小,能耗低,但其在大风量下对颗粒物的过滤效果不如纤维过滤高。同时装有IFD装置和HEPA高效过滤装置的过滤组合在低风量和高风量下过滤效果均达到95%以上。进一步对不同结构形式的新风净化装置性能进行试验研究。以G4粗效过滤装置+IFD过滤装置+HEPA(H13)为装置过滤单元,自主设计了8种不同结构形式的新风净化装置,并对其处理风量、噪音、能耗、污染物净化效果、CO_2稀释效果进行试验测试。结果表明:(1)同一新风过滤装置当改变电机频率或改变出风口形式时,对装置噪音影响较小,噪音差在1.2d B(A)以内。而当改变新风电机前后风道结构时对噪音影响较大,电机频率为50Hz时最大与最小噪音差可达到3dB(A)。(2)采用可调球型喷口、无导流板的新风装置,回风口尺寸越大,噪音越最小。(3)改变出风口形式对风速和风量的影响较大,采用可调方形百叶风口的装置处理风量相对较大,最大处理风量达到655.81m3/h。风量对除尘能力的影响较大,处理风量较大的装置除尘能力和除尘效率较高。
[Abstract]:In recent years, haze weather frequent, indoor and outdoor air quality more and more attention. The fresh air purifier has great application prospect because of its ability to exhaust indoor polluted air simultaneously by introducing outdoor clean air and rapidly purifying indoor environment. China's fresh air purification technology industry started relatively late, the relevant standards are not yet perfect, the market based on different filter units and units structure of the fresh air purifier is mixed, and there are some problems in the product description, such as exaggeration and publicity, etc. The test results can not objectively reflect the performance of the device. At the same time, in places such as classrooms and offices, where there are some restrictions on noise, there are higher requirements for fresh air machine to deal with air volume, filter performance, and noise. Therefore, it is of great significance to make a systematic and comprehensive study on the performance and technology of the fresh air purification device, and to explore the design and application direction of the fresh air purification device. In order to provide a reference for the application of low resistance and high efficiency fresh air purifier, the filtration performance and pipeline structure of micro electrostatic fresh air purifier are studied in this paper. Shanghai was selected as a typical city to investigate the daily average of particulate matter from January 2014 to October 2016, and the pollutants were tested and investigated in a school classroom in Shanghai. The results showed that the average annual PM_ (2.5) concentration in Shanghai exceeded the standard of GB 3095-2012 for three consecutive years, which did not reach the effective control, and exceeded the standard most seriously in winter. For indoor, the lack of ventilation in the 50-60 classroom will lead to the high concentration of CO_2, and the concentration of CO_2 can reach 2000ppm in 45 minutes, which will affect the students' study. Closing doors and windows under the serious condition of haze can prevent indoor air from being polluted by external air, but it can not naturally reduce the concentration of indoor CO_2 and particulate pollutants to a good range. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce outdoor fresh air to classroom and purify outdoor fresh air. The common filter units of the fresh air purifier in the market are investigated, and the common filter units are selected to test the performance of the filter units in accordance with the investigation results. In this paper, a bidirectional fresh air purifying test device which can replace many different filter units and combinations of filter units is designed. The purification characteristics of G4 coarse effect filtration, F7 medium effect filtration, IFD device and HEPA high efficiency filtration are compared and analyzed. The main contents of the test include air volume, energy consumption and primary filtration efficiency of particulate matter. The results showed that the air resistance and energy consumption of IFD plant were low, but the filtration efficiency of particulate matter was lower than that of fiber filtration in large air volume. At the same time, the filtration effect of the combination of IFD and HEPA is more than 95% under the condition of low air volume and high air volume. Further, the performance of the fresh air purifier with different structures was studied. Using IFD filter unit HEPA (H13) as filter unit, eight kinds of fresh air purifying devices with different structures were designed and treated with air volume, noise, energy consumption and pollutant purification effect. The dilution effect of CO_2 was tested. The results show that: (1) when the frequency of the motor or the form of the outlet is changed, the noise of the same fresh air filter has little effect on the noise of the device, and the noise difference is less than 1.2 d B (A). However, when the structure of the front and rear air duct of the fresh air motor is changed, the noise is greatly affected. When the frequency of the motor is 50Hz, the maximum and minimum difference between the noise and the minimum noise can reach to 3dB (A). (2) the size of the return tuyere is larger with the adjustable ball nozzle and the fresh air device without the guide plate. The noise is minimized. (3) changing the form of air outlet has a greater influence on wind speed and air volume. The device with adjustable square louver tuyere has relatively larger air volume, and the maximum treatment air volume is 655.81 m3 / h. The effect of air volume on dust removal capacity is great, and the dedusting capacity and dust removal efficiency of the equipment with larger air volume are higher.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU834.8

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