基于环境行为学的兰州城市广场空间尺度研究

发布时间：2018-11-08 18:31

【摘要】：城市广场是一个城市不可或缺的公共空间组成部分,作为一个多元化、多功能的公共场所,日益为城市所必需。城市广场对内是市民举办活动、日常休憩、娱乐休闲的重要支撑地,对外是城市面貌展现的窗口。人是城市广场空间使用和空间品质感受的直接对象,而城市广场空间品质的优劣控制具体体现在广场空间形态上。其中,尺度的控制是广场空间形态规划建设中的必要环节,是决定城市广场空间关系与视觉效果的重要保证。近年来,随着经济水平的提升,人们日常生活中的生理需求和心理需求也随之提升。城市广场作为娱乐休闲的载体也越来越受到市民的欢迎,因此,各大城市掀起了广场改造和新建的热潮。但如果盲目跟风或为了形象而忽略了对尺度的控制,会导致广场空间利用率不高,造成空间和经济上的巨大浪费。兰州市作为甘肃省的政治、经济、文化中心,西北地区的第二大城市,城市广场不可避免地也存在尺度问题,本文以环境行为学为视角对兰州市城市广场的空间尺度进行研究。通过实地测量调研、优秀案例借鉴、实际案例分析对比、问卷调查等研究方法对兰州市案例广场空间中的不同尺度层次进行具体分析,并结合环境行为学对广场空间的使用情况、人的环境行为方式进行研究,最后,总结出案例广场空间尺度的问题,并提出其设计改进建议。要设计出符合城市环境和市民需求的城市广场,应从广场功能定位、形态特征、周围环境等方面出发,对广场尺度进行严谨的规划设计控制。其中对尺度的控制包括很多方面:从城市设计层面上的宏观尺度规划,划分各功能区的比例关系,广场中观层面上各基面之间的尺度关系,广场上设施小品的尺度设计等。通过各方面的尺度控制,来创造舒适的广场空间,在提供最基本的功能需求的同时更能满足人们对城市景观设计的审美需求,使广场成为能够吸引市民休憩游乐的场所,实现物有所值。反之,尺度不合理的广场,很可能导致广场物失所值,无人问津,失去其预设功能价值。根据调研,兰州市的城市级广场多存在尺度不合理的问题,广场利用与预设价值有所偏差。论文第一章阐述了论文的研究背景以及研究目的和意义,另外就国内外有关广场尺度的研究现状进行汇总;第二章是文章基础理论的梳理,首先介绍了空间尺度的相关概念,然后带入到城市广场之中,解释了广场空间中的尺度要素,最后分析了环境行为学的相关理论和研究内容、方法,并应用到广场空间尺度研究之中;第三章是从环境行为学角度出发,通过实地调研和问卷调查对广场中的人行为活动和广场各空间的使用状况调查分析,最后根据数据统计,对广场的空间品质进行讨论。第四章把理论落脚到实例,首先,对兰州市整体广场空间尺度现状做了调查,并加以分析。然后,以兰州市东方红广场、培黎广场和龙源公园广场为例,具体分析研究兰州市广场空间尺度的优劣;第五章根据对东方红广场、培黎广场和龙源公园广场的具体尺度分析,为建立人性化的城市广场提出对三个广场的优化建议;第六章结论与展望,通过对兰州市城市广场尺度的分析,得出广场尺度控制体系和对现有广场的尺度优化建议。
[Abstract]:The city square is an integral part of an urban public space, as a diversified and multi-functional public place, which is increasingly necessary for the city. The city square is an important support for the public to host the activities, the day-to-day rest, and the entertainment and leisure, and is the window of the appearance of the city. The person is the direct object of the space use and the spatial quality feeling of the city square, and the quality control of the spatial quality of the city square is embodied in the space form of the square. The control of the scale is the necessary link in the planning and construction of the spatial form of the square, which is an important guarantee for determining the spatial relationship and the visual effect of the city square. In recent years, with the improvement of the economic level, the physiological and psychological needs of people's daily life are also improved. As a carrier for recreation and leisure, the city square has become more and more popular with the public. Therefore, the big cities have set up a new upsurge in the transformation and construction of the square. However, if the control of the scale is ignored by blindly following the wind or for the image, the space utilization rate of the square is not high, and the space and the economic waste are caused. As the political, economic, cultural center in Gansu province and the second big city in the northwest, the city square inevitably also has a scale problem. This paper studies the spatial scale of the city square of Lanzhou City with the view of environmental behavior. Through the field survey, the excellent case study, the actual case analysis and the questionnaire, the different scale levels in the space of the case square in Lanzhou are analyzed, and the use of the square space is combined with the environmental behavior. The human's environmental behavior is studied. Finally, the problem of the space scale of the case square is summarized, and the design improvement suggestions are put forward. In order to design the city square which is in accordance with the urban environment and the citizen's needs, the square scale should be carefully planned and controlled from the aspects of the function orientation, the form feature and the surrounding environment. The control of the scale includes many aspects: the macro-scale planning on the design level of the city, the proportion relation between the functional areas, the scale relation between the base level in the view level of the square, the scale design of the facilities sketch on the square, etc. Through the scale control of various aspects, a comfortable square space is created, and the most basic functional requirements can be provided, so that the aesthetic requirements of people on the urban landscape design can be met, and the square can be a place to attract the public to rest and play, and the value of money is realized. On the other hand, the unreasonable square of the square, it is likely to cause the value of the loss of the square, no one's conscience, and lose the value of its pre-set function. According to the research, the city-level square of Lanzhou city has the problem of unreasonable scale, and the square utilization is offset from the preset value. In the first chapter, the research background and the research purpose and significance of the thesis are described in the first chapter. In addition, the present situation of the research on the scale of the square in the home and abroad is summarized. The second chapter is the combing of the basic theory of the article, first, the relevant concept of the space scale is introduced, and then brought into the city square. In this paper, the scale factors in the square space are explained, the relevant theories and research contents and methods of environmental behavior are analyzed, and the spatial scale of the square is applied. The third chapter is from the angle of environmental behavior. Through the field investigation and the questionnaire, the author analyzes the behavior of the people in the square and the usage of the space in the square, and finally, according to the data statistics, the spatial quality of the square is discussed. In the fourth chapter, the theory of the whole square space scale of Lanzhou city is investigated, and the analysis is made. Then, the paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the space scale of the square of Lanzhou City in the case of the Oriental Red Square, the Pui-li Square and the Longyuan Park Plaza in Lanzhou. The fifth chapter is based on the specific scale analysis of the Oriental Red Square, the Park Plaza and the Longyuan Park Plaza. In order to establish the humanized urban square, the paper puts forward the suggestions on the optimization of the three squares, the sixth conclusion and the prospect, and through the analysis of the city square of Lanzhou city, the square-scale control system and the scale optimization suggestion to the existing square are obtained.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU984.18

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