高速推土机车体结构及推土铲推臂的有限元计算与优化

发布时间：2018-11-18 12:23

【摘要】：推土机是应用最为广泛的工程机械之一,在我国目前的基础设施建设还有国防的建设中有着极为重要的作用。随着我国基础设施建设、国防工程、农业机械等领域的发展,对推土机的性能和作用提出了更高的要求。比如在能满足推土机推土作业的前提下,还可以在相对较远的作业位置之间进行60km/h的高速行驶;相对于普通推土机具有更低的故障率,能适应各种不同的作业环境等。项目中所提出的目标既是充分利用现有的高速履带车辆技术和推土机目前的成熟技术相结合,针对高速履带式推土机的特点进行研制,兼顾考虑其他工程装备的发展要求,使之成为高速履带式工程装备的通用平台。本文所研究的高速履带式推土机为了满足当前市场对于履带式推土机的需求,在原有型号推土机基础上,针对履带式推土机的高速行驶进行了重新设计,行走系统中加装悬挂系统,保证其高速行驶时的平顺性,之后保证推土机在具有悬挂系统的同时还可以完成推土作业。该型号高速履带式推土机是由提供动力的推进系统、作业系统、保护人员安全的防护系统、电源电气系统、综合电子信息系统、其它设备及工具备品等组成。本文针对高速履带推土机的车体结构作业系统进行研究,通过对车体的有限元计算为其车体的设计提供仿真依据;同时为了能使其进行高速行驶,平衡推土铲和松土钩的重量,保证车体能平稳工作,对推土铲推臂部分进行了拓扑优化。为以后设计高速履带式工程装备的通用平台提供参考。本文主要的研究内容如下:对该型号推土机进行介绍,对推土铲的工况进行分析,根据所出得工况对推土铲进行结构受力分析,得出推土铲各部分的受力,为仿真模型简化方法的正确性提供理论支持,之后对车体结构作业系统进行介绍,分析其推土作业时的工况,根据工况确定并计算处其工作阻力,明确仿真时所需的极限工况,并依此指导仿真分析。介绍了高速履带式推土机车体的各个组成部分,建立其车体结构以及作业系统中的推土结构的有限元模型,之后对其车体进行有限元仿真分析,依据车体各部分的材料,结合有限元计算结果,得出分析结论。随后对作业部分的推土铲进行受力分析,结合其材料得出分析结果。为平衡车体重心,对推土铲推臂进行拓扑优化,依据之前得出的极限工况,确定优化模型的边界条件,并依此确定优化响应和目标函数。在得出优化后的模型以后,依据其工况进行有限元计算,确定最终优化结果的正确性。将本文的内容进行概括及总结,并根据计算结果中的不足的部分对未来相关工作进行展望。
[Abstract]:Bulldozer is one of the most widely used construction machinery, which plays an important role in the construction of our country's current infrastructure and national defense. With the development of infrastructure construction, national defense engineering, agricultural machinery and so on, the performance and function of bulldozer are required to be higher. For example, under the premise of satisfying the bulldozer, the 60km/h can be driven at high speed between relatively distant working positions. Compared with the common bulldozer, the bulldozer has lower failure rate and can adapt to a variety of different working environments and so on. The objective proposed in the project is to make full use of the existing high-speed tracked vehicle technology and the current mature technology of the bulldozer, to develop the characteristics of the high-speed crawler bulldozer and to take into account the development requirements of other engineering equipment. Make it become the general platform of high speed crawler engineering equipment. In order to meet the demand of the current market for the crawler bulldozer, the paper redesigns the high-speed driving of the crawler bulldozer on the basis of the original type of bulldozer. The suspension system is installed in the walking system to ensure the ride comfort at high speed, and then the bulldozer can finish the operation of pushing the earth at the same time of the suspension system. This type of high speed crawler bulldozer is composed of propulsion system, operation system, protection system for personnel safety, electric power system, integrated electronic information system, other equipment and tools. In this paper, the working system of the car-body structure of the high-speed crawler bulldozer is studied, and the simulation basis for the design of the car-body is provided by the finite element calculation of the car-body. At the same time, in order to make it run at high speed, balance the weight of shovel and loosening hook, and ensure the smooth operation of carbody, the pushing arm of shovel is optimized by topology. It provides a reference for the design of general platform of high speed crawler engineering equipment in the future. The main research contents of this paper are as follows: introduce the bulldozer, analyze the working condition of the bulldozer, analyze the structure force of the shovel according to the working condition, and get the force of each part of the shovel. This paper provides theoretical support for the correctness of the simplified simulation model, then introduces the carbody structure operation system, analyzes the working conditions of the wheeling operation, determines and calculates the working resistance according to the working conditions, and clarifies the limit conditions required in the simulation. And according to this guidance simulation analysis. This paper introduces the components of the car body of the high-speed crawler bulldozer, establishes the finite element model of the body structure and the bulldozing structure in the operation system, and then carries on the finite element simulation analysis to the car body, according to the material of each part of the car body. Combined with the results of finite element calculation, the conclusion of the analysis is obtained. Then the force of the shovel is analyzed and the result is obtained. In order to balance the center of gravity of the car body, the pushing arm of the shovel was topologically optimized, and the boundary conditions of the optimization model were determined according to the limit working conditions obtained before, and the optimization response and objective function were determined accordingly. After the optimized model is obtained, finite element calculation is carried out according to its working conditions to determine the correctness of the final optimization results. The content of this paper is summarized and the future work is prospected according to the deficiency of the calculation results.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU623.5

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