岩爆相似材料动静态力学性能及破坏特征的试验研究

发布时间：2018-11-20 19:53

【摘要】：随着各国经济建设的不断发展,涉及到深部岩体工程的开挖越来越多。由于在高应力地区开挖过程中,改变了岩体赋存的空间环境,容易发生岩爆灾害。然而,对于深部岩体岩样直接取样进行试验存在诸多困难。因此,有必要在实验室内利用岩爆相似材料试件模拟深部岩体在外界载荷扰动下的动静态力学特性试验。本文选取赣江细砂、水泥、石膏、矿物质金属铝粉、铁粉以及水为相似材料的原材料。基于正交设计试验方法,以d{砂率(A)、石膏水泥比(B)和含水率(C)为3个影响因素,制作相似材料试件,并测定其力学性能。根据岩爆发生的烈度与冲击能量指数及抗压拉强度比的关系,选出三种岩爆相似材料试件:普通岩爆相似材料试件、含铝粉岩爆相似材料试件及含铁粉岩爆相似材料试件。将制备好的三种岩爆相似材料试件按要求加工好,在霍普金森压杆装置系统上进行纯动态力学试验和一维动静组合加载试验。处理试验数据得到试件的应力应变曲线,分析四种不同的冲击气压条件下的三种岩爆相似材料试件纯动态破坏和一维动静组合加载破坏的应力应变曲线,可得如下结论:(1)添加了金属成分的岩爆相似材料试件抗压强度要高于普通岩爆相似材料试件,其中含铁粉岩爆相似材料试件抗压强度要比含铝粉岩爆相似材料试件高。(2)岩爆相似材料试件抗压强度随着冲击气压增大而增大。(3)一维动静组合加载下的含铁粉岩爆相似材料试件的抗压强度要高于纯动态冲击下的。(4)岩爆相似材料试件块度破裂程度与冲击气压有关,冲击气压越大破裂程度越明显;其中,一维动静组合加载下其破裂程度要高于纯动态冲击下的。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of economic construction in various countries, more and more deep rock mass engineering excavation is involved. Because of the change of space environment of rock mass during excavation in high stress area, rockburst is easy to occur. However, there are many difficulties in direct sampling of rock samples from deep rock mass. Therefore, it is necessary to simulate the dynamic and dynamic mechanical properties of deep rock mass under external load disturbance by using similar materials of rockburst in laboratory. This paper selects Ganjiang fine sand, cement, gypsum, mineral metal aluminum powder, iron powder and water as the raw materials. Based on the orthogonal design test method, three influencing factors, d {sand ratio (A), gypsum cement ratio (B) and moisture content (C), were used to make similar material specimens and their mechanical properties were measured. According to the relationship between the intensity of rock burst and the impact energy index and the ratio of compressive strength to tensile strength, three kinds of rock burst similar material specimens are selected: the ordinary rock burst similar material specimen, the aluminum powder rock burst similar material specimen and the iron powder rock burst similar material specimen. Three kinds of rock-burst similar materials were prepared and processed according to the requirements. The pure dynamic mechanical tests and one-dimensional dynamic and static loading tests were carried out on the Hopkinson pressure-bar system. The stress-strain curves of the specimens are obtained by processing the test data, and the stress-strain curves of three kinds of rock-burst similar materials under four different impact pressure conditions are analyzed, which are pure dynamic failure and one-dimensional dynamic and static combined loading failure. The following conclusions can be drawn: (1) the compressive strength of the rockburst similar material specimen with metal composition is higher than that of the ordinary rock burst similar material specimen. Among them, the compressive strength of the specimen of the similar material containing iron powder is higher than that of the specimen of the similar material containing aluminum powder. (2) the compressive strength of the specimen of the similar material of rock explosion increases with the increase of impact pressure. (3) One-dimensional dynamic and dynamic combination loading. The compressive strength of the specimen with similar iron-bearing rockburst is higher than that of the specimen with pure dynamic impact. (4) the degree of fragmentation of the specimen of the rockburst similar material is related to the impact pressure. The greater the impact pressure, the more obvious the rupture degree; The fracture degree of one-dimensional dynamic and dynamic combination is higher than that of pure dynamic impact.
【学位授予单位】：华东交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU45

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