大型商场火灾公众责任风险评估研究

发布时间：2018-11-26 11:23

【摘要】：随着城市化的发展,大空间、大面积的商场不断涌现。大型商场在丰富人们的生活方面发挥了积极的作用,但其建筑结构特点给消防安全设计及人员的疏散救援带来了难题,重特大火灾事故时有发生对公众的人身安全产生极大威胁,商场面临着巨大的火灾第三者人身伤害赔偿风险。本文对典型特别重大火灾事故案例进行分析,确定火灾导致大量人身伤亡的原因。同时,本文对火灾公众责任事故发生的机理进行了分析,并应用事故树对大型商场火灾事故发生、发展、蔓延的过程及人员疏散进行分析,确定了火灾公众责任风险影响因素。选用AHP-灰色聚类对大型商场火灾公众责任风险进行评价。将火灾公众责任风险的影响因素,建立层次化评价体系。运用灰色聚类数学理论,建立了大型商场火灾公众责任风险评估模型,确定风险评估的过程与步骤。应用构建的AHP-灰色聚类风险评价法对某商场火灾公众责任风险进行评价,以确定其火灾公众责任风险等级。同时对该商场的实际客流情况进行调查,应用数值模拟方法对多场景火灾进行模拟,确定人员伤亡情况。基于评估结果及实际的模拟结果提出降低该商场火灾公众人身伤亡的措施。
[Abstract]:With the development of urbanization, large space, large area of shopping malls continue to emerge. Large-scale shopping malls have played an active role in enriching people's lives, but their structural characteristics have brought problems to fire safety design and personnel evacuation and rescue. Serious fire accidents often threaten the personal safety of the public, and shopping malls are faced with a huge risk of compensation for personal injury caused by fire and third parties. In this paper, the author analyzes the typical serious fire accident cases, and determines the cause of a large number of casualties caused by the fire. At the same time, this paper analyzes the mechanism of fire public liability accident, and applies the accident tree to analyze the process of occurrence, development, spread and evacuation of fire accident in large-scale shopping mall, and determines the influencing factors of fire public responsibility risk. AHP- grey clustering was used to evaluate the public responsibility risk of large-scale shopping mall fire. The influence factors of fire public responsibility risk are analyzed and the hierarchical evaluation system is established. Based on the theory of grey clustering, the risk assessment model of public responsibility for large-scale shopping mall fire is established, and the process and steps of risk assessment are determined. The AHP- grey cluster risk assessment method is used to evaluate the public responsibility risk of a certain mall fire in order to determine the fire public responsibility risk grade. At the same time, the actual passenger flow of the mall was investigated, and the multi-scene fire was simulated by numerical simulation method to determine the casualties. Based on the evaluation results and the actual simulation results, the measures to reduce the public casualties in the mall fire are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU998.1

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