太阳能采暖建筑围护结构蓄热调温机理及优化设计

发布时间：2018-12-25 13:39

【摘要】：随着世界人口的持续增长和人们生活水平的不断提高,建筑能源的消耗日益增加,可再生能源在建筑采暖中的应用受到越来越多的关注。利用太阳能资源解决居住建筑的冬季采暖问题,是促进建筑可持续发展的重要举措。然而,由于太阳辐射具有很大的不稳定性,这严重的限制了太阳能在建筑采暖中的使用。因此,合理优化建筑围护结构的蓄热性能,提高室内热环境稳定性,对太阳能采暖建筑的推广普及具有重要的作用。本文根据被动式太阳能采暖建筑室内热环境特点,结合典型建筑物理模型和双波热扰耦合数学模型,通过实地测试、理论分析、实验验证与数值模拟,对影响太阳能采暖建筑室内热环境稳定性的围护结构蓄热热工参数进行了详细的分析和研究,得到以下结论:(1)通过实地测试,发现宁夏中卫地区和拉萨地区太阳能资源丰富,具有发展被动式太阳能建筑的资源优势。但现有乡村建筑冬季室内温度偏低且波动偏大,因此需要加强建筑的集热与蓄热设计。同时,根据对测试结果的分析,提出以操作温度作为太阳能采暖建筑室内热环境的评价指标。(2)提出采用双波热扰耦合数学模型计算围护结构内表面温度,并对其内外边界条件、传热特征、传热过程以及双波热扰在内壁面的叠加等进行系统理论分析和具体计算。同时,通过实验测试结果验证了数学模型的可靠性与准确性。通过上述分析明确太阳能采暖建筑外围护结构蓄热调温机理,为其蓄热性能优化提供理论依据。(3)通过对室内外双侧热扰耦合作用下外围护结构构造方式和材料热物性参数对太阳能采暖建筑室内热环境动态影响的分析,提出依据空气温度与壁面温度的“温度波峰值时差”最大、“峰谷时差”最小以及两者之差值最大作为太阳能采暖建筑外围护结构蓄热性能优化的原则,得到外围护结构最优化热工参数。(4)系统分析了内围护结构蓄热调温机理,并利用数值模拟方法对内围护结构蓄热性能进行优化,得到内围护结构最优化热工参数。(5)建立“划分南北房间”的多区域建筑物理模型,对内外围护结构蓄热性能参数进行整体分析,进一步验证了所提出的围护结构热工参数的科学性。本文期望通过对太阳能采暖建筑围护结构蓄热性能进行系统的分析与研究,探寻围护结构蓄热调温的机理,为提高被动式太阳能采暖建筑室内热环境稳定性提供参考,促进太阳能丰富地区的人居环境改善和可持续发展。
[Abstract]:With the continuous growth of the world population and the improvement of people's living standard, the consumption of building energy is increasing day by day, and the application of renewable energy in building heating has been paid more and more attention. Using solar energy resources to solve the winter heating problem of residential buildings is an important measure to promote the sustainable development of buildings. However, because of the instability of solar radiation, the use of solar energy in building heating is severely restricted. Therefore, it is important for the popularization of solar heating buildings to optimize the heat storage performance of building enclosure structure and improve the stability of indoor thermal environment. According to the characteristics of indoor thermal environment of passive solar heating building, combined with typical building physical model and coupled mathematical model of two-wave thermal disturbance, this paper passes field test, theoretical analysis, experimental verification and numerical simulation. In this paper, the thermal parameters of the thermal storage structure which affect the stability of indoor thermal environment of solar heating building are analyzed and studied in detail. The conclusions are as follows: (1) through the field test, It is found that the area of Zhongwei and Lhasa is rich in solar energy resources and has the advantage of developing passive solar buildings. However, the indoor temperature of rural buildings is low and fluctuating in winter, so it is necessary to strengthen the design of heat collection and storage. At the same time, according to the analysis of the test results, the operating temperature is proposed as the evaluation index of the indoor thermal environment of solar heating building. (2) the double wave coupled thermal disturbance mathematical model is proposed to calculate the inner surface temperature of the enclosure structure. The internal and external boundary conditions, the heat transfer characteristics, the heat transfer process and the superposition of the double wave heat disturbance on the inner wall are systematically analyzed and calculated in detail. At the same time, the reliability and accuracy of the mathematical model are verified by the experimental results. Through the above analysis, the mechanism of heat storage and temperature regulation of the outer enclosure of solar heating building is clarified. It provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of thermal storage performance. (3) through the analysis of the influence of the structure of the outer enclosure structure and the thermal physical parameters of the material on the indoor thermal environment of solar heating building under the coupling of the two sides of heat disturbance in the room and the outside, the influence of the external structure on the thermal environment of the solar heating building is analyzed. According to the principle of maximum peak time difference of temperature wave and maximum difference of peak and valley time between air temperature and wall temperature, as well as the maximum difference between them, this paper puts forward the principle of optimizing the heat storage performance of the outer enclosure structure of solar heating building. The optimal thermal parameters are obtained. (4) the heat storage and temperature regulation mechanism of the inner envelope structure is analyzed systematically, and the thermal storage performance of the inner enclosure structure is optimized by numerical simulation. The optimum thermal parameters of the inner enclosure are obtained. (5) the multi-area building physical model of "dividing the north and south rooms" is established, and the heat storage performance parameters of the inner and outer enclosure are analyzed as a whole. Furthermore, the proposed thermal parameters of the envelope structure are verified to be scientific. Through the systematic analysis and research on the heat storage performance of the solar heating building envelope, this paper hopes to explore the mechanism of the heat storage and temperature regulation of the envelope structure, and to provide a reference for improving the indoor thermal environment stability of the passive solar heating building. We will promote the improvement and sustainable development of human settlements in areas rich in solar energy.
【学位授予单位】：西安理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU111.4

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