基于SuperMap的高层学生公寓火灾风险评估与应急救援指挥系统研究

发布时间：2019-01-08 07:38

【摘要】：目前,越来越多的高校采用高层学生公寓的方式来满足学生的居住需求,对于高层学生公寓来说,其结构复杂,人员密度高,救火难度大,它的存在,一方面为学校学生居住提供了便利,但另一方面也为学校消防管理部门提出了更高的火灾管理要求,就目前而言,大部分高校对学生高层公寓的火灾管理仍停留在传统的人工排查和人工经验分析模式阶段,缺乏智能、科学的辅助决策手段。本研究旨在解决目前高校高层学生公寓火灾管理工作中存在的一些问题,以实现建筑火灾风险评估的程序化和可视化,应急救援的高效化和动态化为出发点,在分析总结前人研究成果的基础上,对火灾风险评估理论模型和应急疏散方法进一步探讨,开发一款适用于高校高层学生公寓火灾管理的GIS系统。首先,总结分析出25个高层学生公寓火灾风险评估二级指标,并按照一定的规则分类,建立起高层学生公寓火灾风险评估指标层次体系,引入模糊综合评价数学模型,优选德尔菲(Delphi)法作为指标权重确定的方法,实现对高层学生公寓火灾风险评估。其次,优化了 Dijkstra算法,优化后的算法可根据不同路况条件,寻找两点间最佳的路径,改变了传统Dijkstra算法的静态计算特征;将风向、过火范围角度以及缓冲区半径因素叠加到缓冲区分析模型中,改变了传统单一的点缓冲区分析模式。再次,优选出 Microsoft Visual Studio 2012、SQL Server 2005 和 SuperMap Objects组件,通过C#语言完成了电子地图操作、火灾风险评估、火灾应急救援和系统管理4个大功能模块的开发,并选用SDX For SQL Server作为数据库引擎。最后,以安徽理工大学校本部为例进行系统集成,针对校区内的研究生公寓,对系统可靠性与功能性进行测试,结果表明,系统设计符合预期,可以实现地图基础操作、火灾风险评估、火灾风险结果的可视化、火灾定位、火灾蔓延分析、人员疏散路线规划、最近消防站查找以及最佳出警路线等功能,满足高校对学生高层公寓消防管理的日常需要。
[Abstract]:At present, more and more colleges and universities adopt the method of high-rise student apartment to meet the living needs of students. For the high-rise student apartment, its structure is complex, personnel density is high, fire fighting is difficult, and it exists. On the one hand, it provides convenience for school students to live in, but on the other hand, it also puts forward higher fire management requirements for the school fire control department. The fire management of students' high-rise apartments in most colleges and universities is still in the stage of traditional manual examination and artificial experience analysis, lacking of intelligent and scientific auxiliary decision-making means. The purpose of this study is to solve some problems existing in the fire management of high-rise students' apartments in colleges and universities, in order to realize the procedure and visualization of building fire risk assessment, and to turn the high efficiency and dynamic response of emergency rescue into the starting point. On the basis of analyzing and summarizing the previous research results, the theoretical model of fire risk assessment and the method of emergency evacuation are further discussed, and a GIS system suitable for the fire management of high-rise students' apartments in colleges and universities is developed. First of all, it summarizes and analyzes the fire risk assessment index of 25 high-rise student apartments, and establishes a hierarchy system of fire risk assessment index system according to certain rules, and introduces a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation mathematical model. The Delphi (Delphi) method is chosen as the method of determining the index weight to realize the fire risk assessment of high-rise student apartment. Secondly, the Dijkstra algorithm is optimized, and the optimized algorithm can find the best path between two points according to different road conditions, which changes the static computing characteristics of the traditional Dijkstra algorithm. The factors of wind direction, overfire range angle and buffer radius are superimposed into the buffer analysis model, which changes the traditional single point buffer analysis mode. Thirdly, the Microsoft Visual Studio 2012 SQL Server 2005 and SuperMap Objects components are selected, and the four modules of electronic map operation, fire risk assessment, fire emergency rescue and system management are developed by C # language. SDX For SQL Server is chosen as the database engine. Finally, take Anhui University of Science and Technology as an example to integrate the system, test the reliability and function of the system for the graduate students' apartment in the campus, the result shows that the system design accords with the expectation and can realize the basic operation of the map. Functions such as fire risk assessment, visualization of fire risk results, fire location, fire spread analysis, evacuation route planning, recent fire station search and optimal alarm route, etc. To meet the daily needs of fire control management of students' high-rise apartments in colleges and universities.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G647.4;TU998.1

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