国家公园管理机构建设的制度逻辑与模式选择研究

发布时间：2019-01-08 10:09

【摘要】：国家公园体制是自然资源管理制度的重要类型。十八届三中全会之后,国家公园成为中国缓解自然保护地交叉重叠管理,推行生态政治、建设生态文明的空间工具,国家公园的机构设置与组织架构问题研究提上日程。对国家公园管理机构进行规范分析,探讨机构建设的制度逻辑与基本模式,并以钱江源国家公园体制试点区为例展开实证研究。分析发现:国家公园管理组织架设的合理性、科学性可从治理与管理质量两个目标维度进行诊断,"善治"理论可为纵向治理质量的提升提供依据,据此从权力分配、权力协调到权力实现的制度逻辑配置管理机构,促进机构正义;"管理有效性"理论可为内部横向管理质量的提高提供工具,根据目标管理与保障的制度逻辑设置专业化管理部门,增强机构组织效能;国家公园管理组织结构有科层集权、扁平分权、协同均权三个典型组织模式;中国国家公园管理机构的架设应依法明确国家公园管理的强制秩序,建立由权威专业化国家公园管理机构统辖的弹性机构组织模式。基于善治与有效管理框架的国家公园管理机构建设逻辑探索,对于中国国家公园体制建设具有重要现实意义。
[Abstract]:National park system is an important type of natural resources management system. After the third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the National Park has become a space tool to ease the overlapping management of nature conservation sites, promote ecological politics and build ecological civilization. The research on the institutional setting and organizational structure of national parks has been put on the agenda. This paper makes a normative analysis of the national park management institutions, probes into the institutional logic and basic models of institutional construction, and takes Qianjiangyuan National Park system pilot area as an example to carry out an empirical study. It is found that the rationality of the establishment of the national park management organization can be diagnosed from the two dimensions of governance and management quality, and the theory of "good governance" can provide the basis for the promotion of vertical governance quality. Coordination of power to the realization of power system logical allocation of management institutions to promote institutional justice; The theory of "management effectiveness" can provide tools for the improvement of internal horizontal management quality, set up specialized management departments according to the system logic of objective management and guarantee, and enhance the organizational effectiveness of institutions. The organizational structure of national park management has three typical organizational models: branch level centralization, flat decentralization and synergetic power sharing. The establishment of national park management institutions in China should make the compulsory order of national park management clear according to law and establish a flexible organization model under the authority and specialization of national park management agencies. The logical exploration of the construction of the national park management institution based on the framework of good governance and effective management has important practical significance for the construction of China's national park system.
【作者单位】：浙江工商大学旅游与城乡规划学院;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所;
【基金】：浙江省社科规划课题重点项目(15NDJC018Z) 国家自然科学基金(41501165,41671527) 浙江省发展和改革委员会项目(钱江源国家公园体制试点方案与总体规划编制)
【分类号】：TU986.54

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