东北地区传统村落空间形态研究

发布时间：2019-01-12 09:45

【摘要】：东北地区作为北方多民族聚居特色最突出的地区之一,具有典型的民族族群特质和地域性特色的东北传统文化,这是东北地区各民族先民在东北地域自然、历史、社会、文化等多重因素共同作用,所创造出来的一种适合在地居住的聚落文化。东北地区少数民族自周朝开始小规模的在东北地区聚居,唐时期人口繁衍,清时期人口剧增,尤以汉人显著,遍布东北地区。他们在广阔的平原、丘陵、盆地、山谷、河滩等地形地貌条件下择址定居,其中存在许多共同特征和潜在规律,是中原移民自身所携带的文化基因、迁徙而成的文化特性与东北地区原住少数民族文化、自然环境、经济文化、社会结构等多种因素在空间中排列、时间上融合的结果,是一种由内在到外在集合形式,直接决定了东北地区传统村落的空间形态。家族与民族在“自然、宗教、文化”影响下形成的村落社会秩序根深蒂固影响着村民的思想和行为规则,也就间接的决定了村落的内部空间形态结构。因此,相较于侧重物质空间表面的村落形态研究,本文尝试建立多学科综合的东北地区传统村落空间形态研究体系。针对东北地区传统村落的空间形态特征、空间的承载内容、建构意义,民族特性在空间建构中如何发挥作用等问题,文章采用形态学、文化人类学、空间社会学等学科的研究方法,积极借鉴村落现有的东北民居建筑与人文社会研究成果,通过文献考证、田野调查,以东北地区的传统村落作为研究对象,采用系统性数据分析研究,分析样本传统村落空间形态类型特征,重点解析不同类型村落的空间形态特征及其内在的活动内容和意义,挖掘历史社会与空间形态的建构过程,并进行不同地理分区的划分与验证,解释表象空间形态背后的内在自然文化、社会秩序等影响因素。最后,根据前文对东北地区传统村落地域特色、社会民族文化与空间形态的研究为基础,结合当下的时代背景,利用传统村落历史文化元素延续与空间形态保护的相互共同作用,挖掘现代社会中并仍然存在的影响村落空间形态的因素。通过村落文化的再续,去延续并再创造空间的承载意义,提出传统村落的静态保护与活化保护发展策略,促进对东北地区传统村落文化发展、历史文化遗产保护及传统建筑与空间形态的留存、保护与发展,由内而外、由静态到动态的建构完整的由内而外的东北地区传统村落空间形态保护体系,提供适宜有效的传统村落保护与发展利用策略。
[Abstract]:As one of the most prominent areas in the north, the Northeast region has typical ethnic and regional characteristics of the traditional culture of the Northeast. This is the natural, historical and social characteristics of the peoples of the Northeast region. Culture and other factors work together to create a settlement culture suitable for living in the land. The ethnic minorities in Northeast China began to live in the Northeast on a small scale since the Zhou Dynasty. During the Tang Dynasty, the population multiplied, and the population of the Qing Dynasty increased dramatically, especially in the Han Dynasty, all over the Northeast. They settled in vast plains, hills, basins, valleys, rivers, etc. There are many common characteristics and potential laws, which are the cultural genes carried by the Central Plains immigrants themselves. The cultural characteristics formed by migration and the primitive minority culture, natural environment, economic culture, social structure and other factors in the Northeast region are arranged in space, and the result of time fusion is a form of gathering from inside to outside. It directly determines the spatial form of traditional villages in Northeast China. Under the influence of "nature, religion and culture", the social order of the village formed by the family and nation has a deep-rooted influence on the villagers' thought and behavior rules, which indirectly determines the inner spatial structure of the village. Therefore, compared with the study of village morphology with emphasis on the surface of physical space, this paper attempts to establish a multidisciplinary and comprehensive research system of traditional village spatial morphology in Northeast China. In view of the characteristics of the traditional villages in Northeast China, such as the characteristics of the spatial form, the bearing content of the space, the significance of construction, and how the national characteristics play a role in the construction of space, this paper adopts morphology, cultural anthropology, and so on. The research methods of spatial sociology and other disciplines, actively draw lessons from the existing research results of the northeast residential buildings and humanistic society in the villages, take the traditional villages in the Northeast as the research object through literature research, field investigation, and so on. By means of systematic data analysis, this paper analyzes the spatial form characteristics of traditional villages, analyzes the spatial form characteristics of different types of villages and their intrinsic activity content and significance, and excavates the construction process of historical society and spatial form. The division and verification of different geographical zones are carried out to explain the internal natural culture, social order and other influencing factors behind the appearance spatial form. Finally, according to the previous studies on the regional characteristics, social national culture and spatial form of the traditional villages in Northeast China, combined with the current background of the times, By using the interaction between the historical and cultural elements of traditional villages and the protection of spatial forms, the factors that still exist in modern society affecting the spatial forms of villages are explored. Through the continuation of village culture to continue and re-create the bearing significance of space, put forward the static protection and activation of the traditional village protection development strategy, promote the development of traditional village culture in Northeast China. Historical and cultural heritage protection and the preservation, protection and development of traditional architecture and space form, from inside to outside, from static to dynamic, construct a complete form protection system of traditional villages from inside to outside in Northeast China. To provide appropriate and effective strategies for the protection and development of traditional villages.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU982.29

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