国家公园传统利用区规划研究

发布时间：2019-05-20 05:20

【摘要】：由于我国国家公园中普遍分布有原住民,在国家公园功能分区中,区划了传统利用区。众所周知,社区发展与自然保护是相互矛盾的统一体。如何在保护好国家公园自然环境、生物多样性、生态系统和风景资源的前提下,实现社区经济和社会事业的发展,是我国国家公园传统利用区规划中亟待解决的问题,具有重要的学术理论价值和实践意义。本文研究的内容主要有:(1)提出了我国国家公园传统利用区的三个基本功能:(1)社区发展功能是国家公园传统利用区的主要功能,国家公园建设目标之一是促进社区发展,实现自然保护与资源利用的平衡;(2)保护功能主要是指在保护传统利用区自然环境、具有地域特色的传统资源利用方式的同时,亦需限制原住民的资源利用方式和强度;(3)游憩展示功能是指有效利用本区优美的风景资源和自然环境,开展游憩展示活动,增加原住民的经济收入。(2)经分析论证,国家公园传统利用区的资源具有如下特征:(1)以自然资源为主体,但有明显的人为干扰痕迹;(2)资源属性带有明显的经济发展功能性质;(3)森林和土地等资源占据社区自然资源主导地位。国家公园传统利用区的环境具有下述三个特征:(1)环境的自然属性较强;(2)环境条件优良;(3)局部地区的环境受到人为干扰活动影响。国家公园传统利用区的空间特征有:(1)边缘性特征;(2)分散性特征;(3)镶嵌式特征;上述特征为国家公园传统利用区规划提供了基础性依据。(3)提出了传统利用区的规划策略,主要有:(1)国家主导、社区参与;(2)控制社区人口规模和密度;(3)控制土地利用方式;(4)约束资源利用方式;(5)引导原住民维持传统的生产生活方式。(4)探讨了国家公园传统利用区的规划原则,包括:(1)资源适度利用;(2)继承和弘扬具有传统地域特色的生产生活方式;(3)经济效益、社会效益、生态效益三者兼顾。(5)提出了国家公园传统利用区的规划目标,主要有:(1)发展社区经济,完善社区公共服务设施;(2)保护好自然环境、生物资源及风景资源。(6)系统地探讨了国家公园传统利用区的规划要素,包括自然要素、人文要素和空间要素。(7)系统性地梳理了国家公园传统利用区的规划方法,其方法有:生态敏感性分析、环境承载能力和空间管制等方法,上述规划方法适用于国家公园传统利用区。(8)提出了国家公园传统利用区规划内容:空间规划、土地利用规划、人口规划、社区公共服务设施规划、资源传统利用方式规划、乡村风貌规划、道路与交通设施规划、环境保护设施规划、游憩展示规划和乡规民约等内容,确保国家公园传统利用区发展符合科学保护与合理利用的要求。(9)构建了国家公园传统利用区的规划指标:(1)传统利用区面积占国家公园面积的比值;(2)适宜的人口密度;(3)资源传统利用方式收入占年收入的比值;(4)人均建设用地面积;(5)地域性的传统建筑占传统利用区建筑量的比例;(6)人均年收入与社会人均年收入的比值;(7)传统利用区人均可耕地面积;(8)传统利用区人均林地面积;(9)传统利用区人均生态足迹规模等规划指标。以数值化、等级化的指标控制人为活动干扰影响,为国家公园传统利用区发展提供可靠保障。根据上述研究内容,将规划策略、规划原则、规划目标、规划方法、规划内容、规划指标等,用广东平远国家公园传统利用区案例进行验证,说明上述内容对我国国家公园传统利用区规划具有理论适用性和实践可操作性,达到国家公园传统利用区自然保护与资源利用的平衡。
[Abstract]:As a result of the widespread distribution of indigenous people in national parks in our country, the traditional utilization area is divided into the national park functional division. It is well known that community development and natural protection are contradictory and unified. How to realize the development of the community economy and the social cause under the premise of protecting the natural environment, the biological diversity, the ecosystem and the scenery resources of the national park is the problem to be solved urgently in the planning of the traditional utilization area of the national park of our country, which is of great academic theoretical value and practical significance. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) The three basic functions of the traditional utilization area of national park are put forward: (1) The function of community development is the main function of the traditional utilization area of national park, and one of the goals of national park construction is to promote the development of the community. the balance of natural protection and resource utilization is realized; (2) the protection function mainly refers to the traditional resource utilization mode with local characteristics in the protection of the natural environment of the traditional utilization area, and also needs to limit the resource utilization mode and the strength of the first people; (3) The function of the recreation exhibition refers to the effective utilization of the beautiful scenery resources and the natural environment in this area, to carry out the recreation exhibition activities and to increase the economic income of the first people. (2) Through the analysis and demonstration, the resources of the traditional utilization area of the national park have the following characteristics: (1) the natural resource is the main body, but there is obvious artificial interference trace; (2) the resource attribute has obvious economic development function property; (3) The resources of forests and land occupy the dominant position of the community's natural resources. The environment of the traditional utilization area of the national park has the following three characteristics: (1) the natural attribute of the environment is strong; (2) the environmental condition is excellent; and (3) the environment in the local area is affected by the man-made interference activities. The spatial characteristics of the traditional utilization area of the national park include: (1) the edge characteristics; (2) the dispersion characteristics; (3) the mosaic feature; the above-mentioned characteristics provide a basic basis for the traditional utilization area planning of the national park. (3) The planning strategy of the traditional utilization area is proposed, which mainly includes: (1) State-led and community participation; (2) controlling the scale and density of the community; (3) controlling the land-use mode; and (4) restricting the resource utilization mode; (5) To guide the first people to maintain the traditional way of production and living. (4) The planning principles of the traditional utilization area of national park are discussed, including: (1) the proper utilization of resources; (2) the inheritance and promotion of the way of production and life with the traditional regional characteristics; (3) the balance of economic, social and ecological benefits. (5) The planning goal of the traditional utilization area of the national park is put forward, mainly: (1) develop the community economy and improve the community public service facilities; and (2) protect the natural environment, the biological resources and the scenery resources. (6) The planning elements of the traditional utilization area of the national park are systematically discussed, including the natural elements, the human elements and the spatial elements. (7) The planning method of the traditional utilization area of the national park is systematically combed, and the method is as follows: ecological sensitivity analysis, environment carrying capacity and space control method, and the planning method is applicable to the traditional utilization area of the national park. (8) The planning contents of the national park's traditional utilization area are proposed: space planning, land use planning, population planning, community public service facility planning, resource traditional utilization mode planning, rural landscape planning, road and traffic facilities planning and environmental protection facilities planning. It is necessary to ensure that the development of the traditional utilization area of the national park is in accordance with the requirements of the scientific protection and the rational utilization. (9) The planning index of the traditional utilization area of the national park is constructed: (1) the area of the traditional utilization area is the ratio of the area of the national park; (2) the appropriate population density; (3) the income of the traditional utilization mode of the resources accounts for the ratio of the annual income; (4) the per capita construction land area; (5) the regional traditional architecture accounts for the proportion of the traditional utilization area building quantity; (6) the ratio of the annual income of the per capita to the annual income of the society; (7) the per-capita arable land area of the traditional utilization area; and (8) the per-capita land area per person in the traditional utilization area; (9) Planning indexes such as the per-capita ecological footprint of the traditional utilization area. In order to provide a reliable guarantee for the development of the traditional utilization area of the national park, the influence of man-made activities is controlled by the index of numerical value and level. according to the above research content, the planning strategy, the planning principle, the planning target, the planning method, the planning content, the planning index and the like are used to verify the traditional utilization area case of the Guangdong Pingyuan National Park, It is pointed out that the above-mentioned contents have the theoretical applicability and practical operability for the traditional utilization area planning of national park in China, and the balance of natural protection and resource utilization of the traditional utilization area of national park is achieved.
【学位授予单位】：广州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU986.54

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