西安市购物场所应急标识有效性研究

发布时间：2019-05-20 09:02

【摘要】：西安市作为人口密集和人口流动性较大的城市,应急标识已经成为了一种重要的疏散引导方式,特别是一些购物商场的应急标识显得尤为重要。本研究以西安市购物商场为场景,以应急标识的有效性为目标,针对西安市购物场所应急标识现实应用中存在的问题,提出行之有效的对策与建议,以期推动西安市购物商场的安全与应急标识建设的进程。首先,分析应急标识及西安市应急标识的应用概况。以西安市的发展概况为出发点,探讨西安市购物场所发展布局和应急标识的应用现状,总结出西安市购物场所应急标识的应用现状、设置及作用,找出西安市应急标识在购物场所无法有效应用的种种缺陷和短板,探讨影响购物场所应急标识的有效应用的因素。其次,以人口较密集的购物场所为场景,辨识出了影响西安市应急标识有效性的影响因素,并构建出相应的风险指标体系。在对应急标识的作用距离、疏导方向、颜色、位置等研究的基础上,结合西安市购物场所应急标识的特点,采用文献综述、现场调研等方法对西安市应急标识有效性影响因素进行了初步识别。再利用问卷调查对归纳、总结的影响因素作探讨,借助软件SPSS20.0的KMO与巴特莱特球形检验法对问卷数据作分析,最终确定出包括易识别性、可理解度、适用度、易遵守性和可避免性5类基本影响因素,据此构建出了西安市应急标识有效性的指标体系,并利用G1序关系法确定了指标的权重,得出:应急标识的颜色与亮度、设置位置和图形标识是影响较大的3大因素。再次,基于构建的指标体系,利用Tubii 16XL眼动仪得到人体对3大影响因素(指标)感知程度的数据,提出了以眼动数据为样本的人机信息融合评估技术。该技术以眼动数据为样本,运用模糊评价法评估相关信息,得到西安市购物场所中的应急标识的有效性。结果表明:当场景与场所变化时,仅有8-12%的人群有寻找应急标识的应急意识;从注视点时间、总时间以及注视个数3项指标反映出存在应急标识的显著程度不足;西安市购物场所场景中应急标识的有效性为51.361%,其显著性较差。最后,依据上述研究结果,提出行之有效的西安市购物场所应急标识应用对策。具体包括:细化标识类别并建立应急标识设计的统一规范;提高应急标识系统的完整程度,增加应急标识的种类;加深人群的应急的印象,提高人群对应急突发事件的反应能力;争取政府政策支持,营造良好投资环境,促进安全与应急文化的发展等。
[Abstract]:Xi'an, as a city with dense population and large population mobility, emergency marking has become an important way of evacuation guidance, especially the emergency marking of some shopping malls is particularly important. This study takes Xi'an shopping mall as the scene, takes the effectiveness of emergency marking as the goal, and puts forward some effective countermeasures and suggestions in view of the problems existing in the practical application of emergency marking of Xi'an shopping places. In order to promote the construction of security and emergency signs of Xi'an shopping malls. First of all, the application of emergency identification and Xi'an emergency identification is analyzed. Based on the general situation of Xi'an 's development, this paper probes into the present situation of the development layout and emergency marking of Xi'an shopping places, and sums up the application status, setting and function of the emergency signs of Xi'an shopping places. This paper finds out all kinds of defects and shortcomings that Xi'an emergency marking can not be effectively used in shopping places, and probes into the factors that affect the effective application of emergency marking in shopping places. Secondly, taking the crowded shopping places as the scene, the influencing factors affecting the effectiveness of Xi'an emergency logo are identified, and the corresponding risk index system is constructed. On the basis of the research on the action distance, dredging direction, color and position of emergency marking, combined with the characteristics of emergency marking of shopping places in Xi'an, this paper adopts literature review. The influencing factors of the effectiveness of Xi'an emergency identification are preliminarily identified by field investigation and other methods. Then the influencing factors of induction and summary are discussed by means of questionnaire survey, and the questionnaire data are analyzed with the help of KMO and Bartlett spherical test of software SPSS20.0, and finally the questionnaire data are determined, including identifiability, comprehensibility and applicability. Based on the five basic influencing factors of easy compliance and preventability, the index system of the effectiveness of Xi'an emergency logo is constructed, and the weight of the index is determined by using the G _ 1 sequence relation method, and the results are as follows: the color and brightness of the emergency logo, Setting position and graphic identification are the three factors that have a great influence on it. Thirdly, based on the constructed index system, the data of human perception of three influencing factors (indexes) are obtained by using Tubii 16XL eye movement instrument, and a man-machine information fusion evaluation technology based on eye movement data is proposed. Taking the eye movement data as the sample, the fuzzy evaluation method is used to evaluate the relevant information, and the effectiveness of the emergency marking in Xi'an shopping places is obtained. The results show that only 8% of the population have the emergency consciousness of looking for emergency signs when the scene and place change, and the three indexes of gaze time, total time and number of gaze reflect the insufficient degree of emergency sign. The effectiveness of emergency marking in Xi'an shopping scene is 51.361%, and its significance is poor. Finally, according to the above research results, this paper puts forward effective countermeasures for the application of emergency marking of shopping places in Xi'an. The concrete includes: refine the identification category and establish the unified specification of the emergency identification design, improve the integrity of the emergency identification system, increase the types of emergency identification; Deepen the impression of emergency, improve the ability of people to respond to emergency emergencies, strive for government policy support, create a good investment environment, promote the development of safety and emergency culture, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU998.1

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