高效垂直输运装置优化设计及力学性能分析

发布时间：2019-05-29 14:52

【摘要】：近年来,高层建筑的快速发展促进了人们对垂直交通与运输系统的研究。针对以电梯为代表的传统垂直输送设备所存在的限制,本文提出了一种高效垂直输运装置,具有更高的工作效率和更小的空间占用,或是高层建筑垂直交通与运输系统的一种潜在的解决方案。本文在结构设计的基础上,初步分析了该高效垂直输运装置力学性能特性,通过CAE技术和现代优化设计方法,研究了危险工况下装置主要性能指标,并对其主要受力部件进行优化设计研究。首先,阐明了该高效垂直输运装置基本原理,从理论力学的角度结合现有链传动张力公式,初步研究了该装置载荷特点及分布规律,作为后续有限元分析和优化设计的基础。研究认为:最大张力主要由链条自重和外界负载所产生的链条静张力构成;外界负载不变的情况下,载荷分布受链条自重大小影响,整体上呈内侧受力大外侧受力小。借助ANSYS软件对初始模型(以标准传动链CHE80放大50倍)进行有限元数值模拟,分析结果表明:在轴孔铰接部分存在应力集中,最大应力达到237MPa,链条自重是载荷的最主要的部分;变形量为0.1276%,由于载荷分布不均整体呈向外弯曲的趋势;大部分材料的承载性能并未得到充分利用,存在很大的优化设计空间。基于优化设计理论完成高效垂直输运装置结构尺寸的确定。首先进行采样,研究了不同放大倍数下装置最大应力和变形量,并对比各个部件间的差异;其次,根据尺寸、载荷、应力、变形等随放大倍数的变化规律,建立了一种基于ANSYS设计优化模块的传动链放大倍数优化设计方案。优化结果显示:基于CHE80放大19.5倍作为尺寸设计的参考最为合适;根据优化后的载荷分布特点提出优化后模型设计方案,装置自重大幅下降了86.27%;最大应力控制在292MPa,最大变形量小于等于0.105%;链条向外弯曲的趋势得以有效地抑制。最后,对于主要受力部件进行了拓扑优化以进一步实现结构的轻量化。为方便优化的进行,首先研究了各个部件具体的面载荷分布函数,运用数学工具对采样数据进行数据拟合获得了接触压力空间分布函数;基于ANSYS拓扑优化模块分别对外链板和内链节进行拓扑优化。优化结果显示:外链板和内链节及整体质量分别减少了12.95%、10.46%和8.81%;主要性能参数保持稳定,低效单元数显著减少,材料利用率明显提高。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the rapid development of high-rise buildings has promoted the research of vertical traffic and transportation system. In view of the limitations of the traditional vertical transportation equipment represented by elevators, an efficient vertical transport device is proposed in this paper, which has higher working efficiency and smaller space occupation. Or a potential solution for vertical traffic and transportation systems in high-rise buildings. On the basis of structural design, the mechanical properties of the high efficiency vertical transport device are preliminarily analyzed in this paper. Through CAE technology and modern optimization design method, the main performance indexes of the device under dangerous conditions are studied. The optimization design of its main stress components is studied. Firstly, the basic principle of the high efficiency vertical transport device is expounded, and the load characteristics and distribution law of the device are preliminarily studied from the point of view of theoretical mechanics combined with the existing chain transmission tension formula, which can be used as the basis for subsequent finite element analysis and optimization design. It is considered that the maximum tension is mainly composed of the static tension of the chain caused by the weight of the chain and the external load, and the load distribution is affected by the weight of the chain under the same external load, and the force on the inside is small on the whole. The finite element numerical simulation of the initial model (50 times magnified by standard transmission chain CHE80) is carried out with the help of ANSYS software. The analysis results show that there is stress concentration in the hinged part of the shaft hole, the maximum stress reaches 237 MPA, and the self-weight of the chain is the most important part of the load. The deformation is 0.1276%, and the load distribution is uneven, and the bearing capacity of most materials is not fully utilized, so there is a lot of optimization design space. Based on the optimization design theory, the structural size of the high efficiency vertical transport device is determined. Firstly, the maximum stress and deformation of the device under different magnification are studied, and the differences among the components are compared. Secondly, according to the variation of size, load, stress and deformation with magnification, an optimal design scheme of transmission chain magnification based on ANSYS design optimization module is established. The optimization results show that 19.5 times magnification based on CHE80 is the most suitable reference for size design, and the optimized model design scheme is put forward according to the optimized load distribution characteristics, and the self-weight of the device is greatly reduced by 86.27%. The maximum stress is controlled at 292 MPA and the maximum deformation is less than or equal to 0.105%. The outward bending trend of the chain can be effectively suppressed. Finally, the topology optimization of the main stress components is carried out to further realize the lightweight of the structure. In order to facilitate the optimization, the specific surface load distribution function of each component is studied, and the contact pressure spatial distribution function is obtained by using mathematical tools to fit the sampled data. Based on the ANSYS topology optimization module, the external chain board and the inner link are optimized respectively. The optimization results show that the quality of outer chain plate, inner chain joint and the whole mass are reduced by 12.95%, 10.46% and 8.81%, respectively, the main performance parameters remain stable, the number of inefficient units is significantly reduced, and the material utilization ratio is obviously improved.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU976.3

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