城市社区生活圈体系及公共服务设施空间优化——以北京市清河街道为例
发布时间：2019-06-01 20:00
【摘要】：在城市社区规划中,通常将社区视作各自独立的空间单元。这一方面导致对社区的内部空间结构缺乏考虑;另一方面,因为较少考虑与其他社区之间的关联,而容易出现区域协调较差、效率低下、重复配置、过度建设等问题。社区生活圈空间体系的构建有助于从居民行为出发,重新理解社区的微观结构,有助于在社区公共服务设施配置中解决空间落地问题。研究采用"提出假设—实证验证"的方法,首先基于城市社区的"自足性"、"共享性"概念以及居民出行能力制约等因素,从理论上提出社区生活圈体系的三圈层结构:社区生活圈Ⅰ是自足性的圈层,以社区物理边界划定;社区生活圈Ⅱ是在居民出行能力制约下形成的,其中的设施主要面向本社区提供服务;社区生活圈Ⅲ是共享性的圈层,是多个社区生活圈之间重叠的部分。研究以北京市清河街道18个社区为案例,采用个体居民GPS数据,界定社区生活圈的时空范围,并通过社区生活圈内的"集中度"和"共享度"的计算,对案例社区进行社区生活圈层的划分。研究结果表明,社区生活圈体系的实际划分结果与理论假设相吻合。最后,研究提出了基于社区生活圈体系的公共服务设施空间优化策略,为社区公共服务设施配置的分级落地提供了参考。
[Abstract]:In urban community planning, communities are usually regarded as independent spatial units. On the one hand, there is a lack of consideration of the internal spatial structure of the community; on the other hand, because of less consideration of the relationship with other communities, it is prone to problems such as poor regional coordination, low efficiency, repeated allocation, excessive construction and so on. The construction of the spatial system of community life circle is helpful to re-understand the microstructure of the community from the perspective of residents' behavior and to solve the problem of spatial landing in the allocation of community public service facilities. The study adopts the method of "putting forward hypothesis-empirical verification". First of all, it is based on the "self-sufficient" of urban community, the concept of "sharing" and the restriction of residents' travel ability. Theoretically, this paper puts forward the three-circle structure of the community life circle system: the community life circle I is a self-sufficient circle layer, which is delineated by the community physical boundary; Community life circle II is formed under the restriction of residents' travel ability, in which the facilities mainly provide services to the community. Community life circle III is a shared circle, which is an overlapping part between multiple community life circles. Taking 18 communities in Qinghe Street of Beijing as an example, this paper uses GPS data of individual residents to define the temporal and spatial range of community life circle, and calculates the "concentration degree" and "sharing degree" in the community life circle. The community life circle of the case community is divided. The results show that the actual division results of community life circle system are in good agreement with the theoretical assumptions. Finally, the spatial optimization strategy of public service facilities based on community life circle system is proposed, which provides a reference for the hierarchical landing of community public service facilities.
【作者单位】： 北京大学城市与环境学院;北京市城市规划设计研究院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金海外及港澳学者合作研究基金(41529101);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41571144) “十二五”国家科技支撑计划课题(2015BAJ08B06)
【分类号】：TU984.12
本文编号：2490540
[Abstract]:In urban community planning, communities are usually regarded as independent spatial units. On the one hand, there is a lack of consideration of the internal spatial structure of the community; on the other hand, because of less consideration of the relationship with other communities, it is prone to problems such as poor regional coordination, low efficiency, repeated allocation, excessive construction and so on. The construction of the spatial system of community life circle is helpful to re-understand the microstructure of the community from the perspective of residents' behavior and to solve the problem of spatial landing in the allocation of community public service facilities. The study adopts the method of "putting forward hypothesis-empirical verification". First of all, it is based on the "self-sufficient" of urban community, the concept of "sharing" and the restriction of residents' travel ability. Theoretically, this paper puts forward the three-circle structure of the community life circle system: the community life circle I is a self-sufficient circle layer, which is delineated by the community physical boundary; Community life circle II is formed under the restriction of residents' travel ability, in which the facilities mainly provide services to the community. Community life circle III is a shared circle, which is an overlapping part between multiple community life circles. Taking 18 communities in Qinghe Street of Beijing as an example, this paper uses GPS data of individual residents to define the temporal and spatial range of community life circle, and calculates the "concentration degree" and "sharing degree" in the community life circle. The community life circle of the case community is divided. The results show that the actual division results of community life circle system are in good agreement with the theoretical assumptions. Finally, the spatial optimization strategy of public service facilities based on community life circle system is proposed, which provides a reference for the hierarchical landing of community public service facilities.
【作者单位】： 北京大学城市与环境学院;北京市城市规划设计研究院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金海外及港澳学者合作研究基金(41529101);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41571144) “十二五”国家科技支撑计划课题(2015BAJ08B06)
【分类号】：TU984.12
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