避难场所灾后评估及责任区调整方法研究
发布时间：2019-06-06 12:57
【摘要】：目前,我国防灾避难场所规划还主要依赖规划者的专业知识与经验确定避难场所的数量和选址布局。而且,已经建设完成的避难场所基本上达不到最新颁布的《防灾避难场所设计规范》(GB51143-2015)等国家强制性标准的要求。这些已经规划、建设的避难场所在重大灾害发生时,可能破坏或失去部分应急功能。如何在灾害发生后,评价已经规划建设完成的避难场所是否具备设定的应急功能,以及在灾后如何对可利用的避难场所责任区进行重新划分或对避难场所进行增补,是避难场所规划、建设和管理中亟待解决的问题。依据2016年实施的《防灾避难场所设计规范》对应急设施的分类和配置等要求,分析避难场所灾后应急能力影响因素,提出固定避难场所灾后应急能力评价指标,包括:应急供电、应急供水、应急交通、应急消防、应急住宿、应急物资和医疗卫生救护。考虑重大灾害发生后普遍存在通信不畅、交通受阻和管理混乱,而且开放避难场所的时间紧迫,灾后所能收集到的避难场所的评价数据很可能存在不完整、不准确甚至不一致等问题。引入粗糙集理论,提出基于粗糙集的固定避难场所灾后应急能力评估方法,通过数值算例,验证了该方法的适用性。基于最大覆盖模型和P-中值模型,以覆盖最多避难人数和总避难疏散距离最短为目标,考虑了灾后疏散距离、场所容量和场所责任区不重叠等约束条件,建立了避难场所灾后责任区调整模型;基于P-中值模型和集合覆盖模型,以补充最少的避难场所和总避难疏散距离最短为目标,考虑灾后疏散距离、场所容量和场所责任区不重叠等约束条件,给出避难场所灾后补充选址模型。引入Lingo11.0软件,对以上两模型求解。以某市河东区为例,模拟灾后部分避难场所破坏使设定的应急功能失效。运用本文模型进行责任区重新调整与避难场所的补充选址。该实例验证了本文模型的适用性,也为避难场所灾后评估及责任区调整和补充选址提供了参考。
[Abstract]:At present, the planning of disaster prevention and refuge places in China mainly depends on the professional knowledge and experience of planners to determine the number and location layout of refuge places. Moreover, the completed asylum places basically can not meet the requirements of the newly promulgated Code for the Design of disaster Prevention and asylum places (GB51143-2015) and other national mandatory standards. These planned and built refuge places may destroy or lose some emergency functions in the event of major disasters. How to evaluate whether the planned and constructed refuge places have the established emergency function after the disaster, and how to redivide or supplement the areas of responsibility of the available refuge places after the disaster, It is an urgent problem to be solved in the planning, construction and management of refuge places. According to the classification and allocation of emergency facilities in the Code for Design of disaster Prevention and Rescue places implemented in 2016, this paper analyzes the influencing factors of post-disaster emergency response capacity of refuge places, and puts forward the evaluation indexes of post-disaster emergency response capacity of fixed refuge places. Including: emergency power supply, emergency water supply, emergency traffic, emergency fire fighting, emergency accommodation, emergency supplies and medical and health care. Considering that communication is widespread, traffic is blocked and management is chaotic after major disasters, and the time required to open refuge places is tight, and the evaluation data collected after disasters are likely to be incomplete, Problems such as inaccuracy or even inconsistency. In this paper, rough set theory is introduced to evaluate the post-disaster emergency response capacity of fixed shelter based on rough set. The applicability of the method is verified by numerical examples. Based on the maximum coverage model and P-median model, aiming at the maximum number of asylum and the shortest total evacuation distance, the constraints such as post-disaster evacuation distance, site capacity and place responsibility area do not overlap are considered. The adjustment model of responsibility area after disaster in refuge place is established. Based on the P-median model and the set coverage model, in order to supplement the least shelter and the shortest total shelter evacuation distance, the constraints such as post-disaster evacuation distance, site capacity and place responsibility area do not overlap are considered. The supplementary location model of refuge place after disaster is given. Lingo11.0 software is introduced to solve the above two models. Taking Hedong District of a city as an example, the emergency function is invalid by simulating the destruction of some refuge places after the disaster. The model is used to readjust the responsibility area and supplement the location of the place of refuge. The example verifies the applicability of the model, and also provides a reference for the post-disaster assessment of refuge places, the adjustment of responsibility area and the supplementary location.
【学位授予单位】：华北理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU984.116
本文编号：2494376
[Abstract]:At present, the planning of disaster prevention and refuge places in China mainly depends on the professional knowledge and experience of planners to determine the number and location layout of refuge places. Moreover, the completed asylum places basically can not meet the requirements of the newly promulgated Code for the Design of disaster Prevention and asylum places (GB51143-2015) and other national mandatory standards. These planned and built refuge places may destroy or lose some emergency functions in the event of major disasters. How to evaluate whether the planned and constructed refuge places have the established emergency function after the disaster, and how to redivide or supplement the areas of responsibility of the available refuge places after the disaster, It is an urgent problem to be solved in the planning, construction and management of refuge places. According to the classification and allocation of emergency facilities in the Code for Design of disaster Prevention and Rescue places implemented in 2016, this paper analyzes the influencing factors of post-disaster emergency response capacity of refuge places, and puts forward the evaluation indexes of post-disaster emergency response capacity of fixed refuge places. Including: emergency power supply, emergency water supply, emergency traffic, emergency fire fighting, emergency accommodation, emergency supplies and medical and health care. Considering that communication is widespread, traffic is blocked and management is chaotic after major disasters, and the time required to open refuge places is tight, and the evaluation data collected after disasters are likely to be incomplete, Problems such as inaccuracy or even inconsistency. In this paper, rough set theory is introduced to evaluate the post-disaster emergency response capacity of fixed shelter based on rough set. The applicability of the method is verified by numerical examples. Based on the maximum coverage model and P-median model, aiming at the maximum number of asylum and the shortest total evacuation distance, the constraints such as post-disaster evacuation distance, site capacity and place responsibility area do not overlap are considered. The adjustment model of responsibility area after disaster in refuge place is established. Based on the P-median model and the set coverage model, in order to supplement the least shelter and the shortest total shelter evacuation distance, the constraints such as post-disaster evacuation distance, site capacity and place responsibility area do not overlap are considered. The supplementary location model of refuge place after disaster is given. Lingo11.0 software is introduced to solve the above two models. Taking Hedong District of a city as an example, the emergency function is invalid by simulating the destruction of some refuge places after the disaster. The model is used to readjust the responsibility area and supplement the location of the place of refuge. The example verifies the applicability of the model, and also provides a reference for the post-disaster assessment of refuge places, the adjustment of responsibility area and the supplementary location.
【学位授予单位】：华北理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU984.116
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 孙天威;刘亦斌;;避难场所功能与灾后防灾减灾面临问题综述[J];四川水泥;2016年10期
2 孙天威;初建宇;马丹祥;吕荧;陈红月;刘亦斌;;避难场所失效情形责任区调整方法[J];世界地震工程;2016年03期
3 孙天威;吕荧;刘亦斌;;灾后避难场所评估的重要意义[J];科技资讯;2016年13期
4 马丹祥;初建宇;王志明;孙天威;;灾后防灾避难场所失效补充选址问题研究[J];世界地震工程;2016年01期
5 尹峰;于永达;;重大突发事件应急设施多级覆盖选址模型[J];科学技术与工程;2014年21期
6 乔鹏;马东辉;刘朝峰;裴有法;;灾变环境下的自适应城市避难疏散体系规划[J];建筑科学;2013年03期
7 朱建明;;基于损毁情景的可靠连通应急设施选址问题[J];电子科技大学学报(社科版);2012年03期
8 张敏;黄钧;朱建明;;基于失效情景的应急设施选址问题[J];数学的实践与认识;2012年01期
9 李久刚;唐新明;刘正军;汪汇兵;;基于行程距离最优及容量受限的避难所分配算法研究[J];测绘学报;2011年04期
10 吴健宏;翁文国;;应急避难场所的选址决策支持系统[J];清华大学学报(自然科学版);2011年05期
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 初建宇;防灾避难场所规划方法及其应用研究[D];天津大学;2014年
相关硕士学位论文 前3条
1 杨香凤;基于粗糙集的港口竞争力评价模型的构建与应用[D];江西财经大学;2006年
2 张晶晶;粗糙集在故障诊断中的应用[D];南京理工大学;2006年
3 施小斌;城市防灾空间效能分析及优化选址研究[D];西安建筑科技大学;2006年
，本文编号：2494376
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/jianzhugongchenglunwen/2494376.html
