成都市不透水面时空变化与城市生态环境关系研究
发布时间：2019-06-10 06:48
【摘要】：由水泥、金属、沥青等材质构成的诸如建筑、道路等阻止水直接渗透的地表面即为不透水面,它在衡量城市化进程、生态环境监测、土地利用格局变化等国家基础地理国情监测方面具有重要意义。随着社会综合生产力快速发展,城市化进程不断加快,大量农用地转换为建设用地,不透水面急速扩张。本文以西部城市化建设代表之一的成都市为研究区域,以卫星遥感影像Landsat TM/OLI数据为关键数据源,采用线性光谱混合分解模型及大气校正法提取不透水面信息及地表温度反演。在此基础上通过统计分析、空间分析、缓冲区分析、相关性分析等对研究区不透水面时空变化特征以及与城市地表温度、水环境的关系进行研究,并为城市发展建设规划提出建议。本文主要研究成果如下:(1)基于多光谱波段,经过几何校正、辐射定标、大气校正、区域裁剪等影像预处理,通过最小噪声分离法(MNF)及纯净像元计算(PPI)选取高/低反射率不透水面、植被及土壤四类端元,采用线性光谱混合分解模型(LSMM)对影像进行混合像元分解,并通过归一化植被指数(NDVI)与水体指数(NDWI)建立掩膜文件进行植被、水体等噪声处理,最终得到研究区不透水面覆盖度提取图像。RMS分量统计结果显示,均方差值均小于0.01;与高分辨率影像人工交互方式进行验证,总精度均在80%以上;验证了不透水面提取结果精度较高。(2)基于热红外波段,采用大气校正法对研究区地表温度进行反演,并结合气象台发布的气温数据对地表温度阈值进行验证,得到有实用价值的研究区地表温度分布图像。(3)对研究区2006年-2015年不透水面覆盖度图像进行了统计分析与空间分析,得到研究区不透水面时空变化特征:成都市区从2006年—2015年期间,不透水面持续增长,近几年的增长速率更快;时至2015年不透水面的覆盖度已高达70.51%;成都市区不透水面分布具有从中心向外侧呈放射形环状分布的特点;各辖区不透水面覆盖度按照武侯区、青羊区、金牛区、锦江区、高新区、成华区的次序递减;不透水面扩张速度呈现出中心城区为主、西南及西北次之、南部较快增长的特征。(4)采用缓冲区分析、回归模型对不透水面覆盖度与地表反演温度进行定量相关性分析,得到不透水面与城市地表温度的关系:二者具有较强线性正相关性,相关系数均大于0.7,城市不透水面与城市生态环境变化之间具有较强关联性。(5)通过综合分析不透水面、地表温度、水体分布等特征,提出减缓城市热岛效应、避免城市内涝灾害、建设宜居宜发展的城市规划方案的建议:高不透水面覆盖度区域通过增加绿化建设等措施降低不透水面覆盖度;调整城市建设方案,科学设计、合理搭配绿化设施与建构筑物;调整城市空间发展格局,向不透水面覆盖度较低的区域进行产业结构转移,预留足够的主城区绿化空间;进行湖泊、湿地等开发保护,提高城市生态系统中自净、自控、自我调整功能。
[Abstract]:The surface of ground, such as building, road, etc., which is made of cement, metal, asphalt and other materials, is the water-proof surface. It is of great significance in measuring the national conditions of the national conditions such as the process of urbanization, the ecological environment monitoring and the change of land-use pattern. With the rapid development of the social comprehensive productivity, the process of urbanization is accelerating, and a large amount of agricultural land is converted into the construction land, and the water-impermeable surface is rapidly expanded. In this paper, by using the Landsat TM/ OLI data of the satellite remote sensing image as the key data source, the paper takes the Landsat TM/ OLI data of the western urbanization construction as the key data source, and uses the linear spectrum hybrid decomposition model and the atmospheric correction method to extract the water-impermeable surface information and the surface temperature inversion. On this basis, the spatial and temporal changes of the water-impermeable surface of the study area and the relationship with the urban surface temperature and the water environment are studied by statistical analysis, spatial analysis, buffer analysis and correlation analysis, and suggestions for urban development and construction planning are put forward. The main research results are as follows: (1) Based on the multi-spectral band, the high/ low reflectivity water-proof surface is selected by means of the minimum noise separation method (MNF) and the pure image element calculation (PPI) after the image preprocessing such as the geometric correction, the radiation calibration, the atmospheric correction, the region cutting, and the like, the vegetation and the soil are divided into four types of terminal elements, the image is mixed and decomposed by a linear spectral hybrid decomposition model (LSMM), and a mask file is established by a normalized vegetation index (NDVI) and a water body index (NDWI) to perform noise treatment on the vegetation and the water body, And finally, the water-impermeable surface coverage of the research area is obtained to extract the image. The results of RMS component statistics show that the mean square difference is less than 0.01, and it is verified with the high-resolution image, and the total accuracy is above 80%; and the accuracy of the water-impermeable surface extraction is verified. (2) Based on the thermal infrared band, the surface temperature of the study area is inverted by the atmospheric correction method, and the surface temperature threshold value is verified by the air temperature data issued by the weather station, so that the surface temperature distribution image of the research area with practical value is obtained. (3) Statistical analysis and spatial analysis of the water-impermeable surface coverage images in the study area from 2006 to 2015 were carried out to obtain the characteristics of the time-and-space change of the water-impermeable surface of the study area: the continuous growth of the water-impermeable surface during the period from 2006 to 2015 in the urban area of Chengdu, and the growth rate in recent years is faster; The coverage of the water-impermeable surface is as high as 70.51% in 2015; the distribution of the water-impermeable surface in Chengdu has the characteristics of radial distribution from the center to the outside; the coverage of the water-impermeable surface in each district is decreasing according to the order of Wuhou District, Qingyang District, Jinniu District, Jinjiang District, High-tech Zone and Chenghua District; The velocity of water-impermeable surface expansion is the characteristic of the central urban area, the second in the southwest and the northwest, and the rapid growth in the south. and (4) carrying out quantitative correlation analysis on the water-impermeable surface coverage and the surface inversion temperature by using a buffer analysis and a regression model to obtain the relation between the water-impermeable surface and the surface temperature of the city: the two have strong linear positive correlation, the correlation coefficient is more than 0.7, There is a strong correlation between the urban water-impermeable surface and the change of the urban ecological environment. (5) By comprehensively analyzing the characteristics of the water-proof surface, the surface temperature and the water body distribution, the effects of the urban heat island are put forward, and the proposal of the urban planning scheme for the development of the urban water-logging disaster and the construction of the better-living environment is proposed. the coverage area of the high water-impermeable surface is reduced by the measures of increasing the greening construction and the like, the urban construction scheme is adjusted, the scientific design is scientifically designed, the greening facilities and the structures are reasonably matched, and the urban spatial development pattern is adjusted, Carrying out industrial structure transfer to a region with lower coverage of the water-impermeable surface, and reserving sufficient greening space of the main urban area; and developing and protecting the lakes, the wetland and the like, and improving the self-cleaning, self-control and self-adjusting functions in the urban ecological system.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU984.115;TU992
本文编号：2496261
[Abstract]:The surface of ground, such as building, road, etc., which is made of cement, metal, asphalt and other materials, is the water-proof surface. It is of great significance in measuring the national conditions of the national conditions such as the process of urbanization, the ecological environment monitoring and the change of land-use pattern. With the rapid development of the social comprehensive productivity, the process of urbanization is accelerating, and a large amount of agricultural land is converted into the construction land, and the water-impermeable surface is rapidly expanded. In this paper, by using the Landsat TM/ OLI data of the satellite remote sensing image as the key data source, the paper takes the Landsat TM/ OLI data of the western urbanization construction as the key data source, and uses the linear spectrum hybrid decomposition model and the atmospheric correction method to extract the water-impermeable surface information and the surface temperature inversion. On this basis, the spatial and temporal changes of the water-impermeable surface of the study area and the relationship with the urban surface temperature and the water environment are studied by statistical analysis, spatial analysis, buffer analysis and correlation analysis, and suggestions for urban development and construction planning are put forward. The main research results are as follows: (1) Based on the multi-spectral band, the high/ low reflectivity water-proof surface is selected by means of the minimum noise separation method (MNF) and the pure image element calculation (PPI) after the image preprocessing such as the geometric correction, the radiation calibration, the atmospheric correction, the region cutting, and the like, the vegetation and the soil are divided into four types of terminal elements, the image is mixed and decomposed by a linear spectral hybrid decomposition model (LSMM), and a mask file is established by a normalized vegetation index (NDVI) and a water body index (NDWI) to perform noise treatment on the vegetation and the water body, And finally, the water-impermeable surface coverage of the research area is obtained to extract the image. The results of RMS component statistics show that the mean square difference is less than 0.01, and it is verified with the high-resolution image, and the total accuracy is above 80%; and the accuracy of the water-impermeable surface extraction is verified. (2) Based on the thermal infrared band, the surface temperature of the study area is inverted by the atmospheric correction method, and the surface temperature threshold value is verified by the air temperature data issued by the weather station, so that the surface temperature distribution image of the research area with practical value is obtained. (3) Statistical analysis and spatial analysis of the water-impermeable surface coverage images in the study area from 2006 to 2015 were carried out to obtain the characteristics of the time-and-space change of the water-impermeable surface of the study area: the continuous growth of the water-impermeable surface during the period from 2006 to 2015 in the urban area of Chengdu, and the growth rate in recent years is faster; The coverage of the water-impermeable surface is as high as 70.51% in 2015; the distribution of the water-impermeable surface in Chengdu has the characteristics of radial distribution from the center to the outside; the coverage of the water-impermeable surface in each district is decreasing according to the order of Wuhou District, Qingyang District, Jinniu District, Jinjiang District, High-tech Zone and Chenghua District; The velocity of water-impermeable surface expansion is the characteristic of the central urban area, the second in the southwest and the northwest, and the rapid growth in the south. and (4) carrying out quantitative correlation analysis on the water-impermeable surface coverage and the surface inversion temperature by using a buffer analysis and a regression model to obtain the relation between the water-impermeable surface and the surface temperature of the city: the two have strong linear positive correlation, the correlation coefficient is more than 0.7, There is a strong correlation between the urban water-impermeable surface and the change of the urban ecological environment. (5) By comprehensively analyzing the characteristics of the water-proof surface, the surface temperature and the water body distribution, the effects of the urban heat island are put forward, and the proposal of the urban planning scheme for the development of the urban water-logging disaster and the construction of the better-living environment is proposed. the coverage area of the high water-impermeable surface is reduced by the measures of increasing the greening construction and the like, the urban construction scheme is adjusted, the scientific design is scientifically designed, the greening facilities and the structures are reasonably matched, and the urban spatial development pattern is adjusted, Carrying out industrial structure transfer to a region with lower coverage of the water-impermeable surface, and reserving sufficient greening space of the main urban area; and developing and protecting the lakes, the wetland and the like, and improving the self-cleaning, self-control and self-adjusting functions in the urban ecological system.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU984.115;TU992
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