外遮阳系数对高层住宅能耗的影响分析

发布时间：2019-06-26 15:16

【摘要】：据统计,住宅的能源消耗占全球总能源消耗的1/3,国内住宅能耗中空调及热能能耗占比达到55%以上。采取科学有效的措施降低建筑能耗,特别减小制热、制冷引起的建筑能耗对建筑节能有重要意义。太阳辐射在夏季时是建筑物主要的耗能,太阳辐射产生的室内冷负荷约占空调能耗的25%。对高层住宅采用外遮阳措施能够减小进入建筑物内部的太阳能,从而减小室内制冷量的消耗,最终减小建筑物的总能耗。本文使用eQuest软件构建某高层住宅能耗模型,模拟建筑室内外环境,探讨全国有气候代表性的四个地区的高层住宅能耗受外遮阳变化的影响。详细阐述的内容包括:(1)研究的有代表性地区的高层住宅制冷能耗、制热能耗和总能耗受外遮阳变化的影响;(2)研究的有代表性地区的高层住宅单位面积制冷能耗、单位面积制热能耗、单位面积总能耗受外遮阳系数变化的影响。本文使用计算机能耗模拟软件设计构造建筑模型,根据实际情况设置建筑的室内外环境、基于不同地区设置冷热源形式。本文根据全国气候分区表,从中选取四个有气候代表性的地区进行研究:北京,上海,广州以及昆明。进行如下操作:首先分析各个研究高层住宅的外遮阳系数对建筑物能耗影响,分析各个研究高层住宅三种供暖形式哪种是最节能的方式;其次进一步纵向将各个地区互相比较,得出这几个代表性地区的建筑能耗受外窗遮阳系数的影响的变化规律。使用eQuest分析软件,通过分析数据,得出以下结论:建筑考虑采用遮阳措施降低建筑能耗时,对建筑南向采取外遮阳的效果会比其他方向好;不同区域的建筑物由于气候、风速、方位等因素影响,建筑的制冷能耗、制热能耗不同,受外遮阳变化的影响也不同;建筑夏季制冷一般考虑使用空气源热泵,供暖的方式多样,研究哪种供暖方式会更加节约能源,结合各地区的气候分析哪个地区耗能最多。中国国土面积大,气候条件有很大区别,建筑外的太阳辐射得热随着季节变化逐渐的变化,建筑物的南向与北向外遮阳设置对建筑节能的效果不同,研究结果对建筑节能设计有参考作用。在朝向方面来说,南向外遮阳系数对建筑物能耗的影响比北向大,建筑在考虑外遮阳时应优先考虑南向,在建筑物窗外设活动的外遮阳较合适。一个地区的气候与太阳辐射强度影响了当地建筑的能耗,本文根据模拟出的实验数据得出结论:广州某高层住宅制冷总能耗最大,昆明的制冷能耗值最小。在建筑物的制热能耗方面,北京地区的制热能耗最大,上海地区的制热能耗约为北京地区的40%,昆明地区的制热能耗约为北京的10%,广州地区的制热能耗最小,约为北京制热能耗的5%。北京的总能耗值最大,上海地区与广州地区的总能耗值相近,昆明地区的总能耗值最小,约为北京地区的40%。
[Abstract]:According to statistics, the energy consumption of the house accounts for 1/3 of the total energy consumption of the world, and the energy consumption of the air conditioner and the heat energy in the energy consumption of the domestic house accounts for more than 55%. It is of great significance to take scientific and effective measures to reduce the energy consumption of the building, especially to reduce the energy consumption of the building caused by heating and cooling. The solar radiation is the main energy consumption of the building in summer, and the indoor cold load generated by the solar radiation is about 25% of the air-conditioning energy consumption. The adoption of the external sun-shading measures on the high-rise residence can reduce the solar energy entering the interior of the building, thereby reducing the consumption of the indoor refrigerating capacity, and finally reducing the total energy consumption of the building. This paper uses eQuest software to build a high-rise residential energy consumption model, to simulate the indoor and outdoor environment of the building, and to explore the influence of the energy consumption of high-rise residential buildings in the four regions with the climate representative in the whole country. the contents of the detailed description include: (1) the influence of the refrigeration energy consumption, the heating energy consumption and the total energy consumption of the high-rise residential building in the representative area of the study on the external shading change; (2) the area of the high-rise residential unit area in the representative area of the study is the refrigerating energy consumption, the heating energy consumption of the unit area is increased, The total energy consumption per unit area is affected by the change of the external shading coefficient. In this paper, the computer energy consumption simulation software design is used to construct the building model, and the indoor and outdoor environment of the building is set according to the actual situation, and the cold heat source form is set on the basis of different areas. Based on the national climate partition table, four regions with climate representative are selected to study: Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Kunming. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, analyzing the influence of the external shading coefficient of each research high-rise house on the energy consumption of a building, analyzing which of the three heating forms of each research high-rise house is the most energy-saving mode, and secondly, The influence of the building energy consumption of these representative areas on the sun-shading coefficient of the outer window is obtained. The eQuest analysis software is used to analyze the data, and the following conclusions are drawn: when the construction takes the sun-shading measures to reduce the energy consumption of the building, the effect of the external sun-shading on the south of the building is better than the other directions; and the buildings in different areas are affected by the factors such as the climate, the wind speed, the orientation and the like, The cooling energy consumption and heating energy consumption of the building are different, and the influence of the external sun-shading changes is different; in general, the air source heat pump is used for cooling in the building, and the heating mode is diverse; and the heating mode is researched in which heating mode can be more energy-saving, and in combination with the climate in various regions, the energy consumption is the most. The land area of China is large and the climatic conditions are very different. The solar radiation in the outside of the building is changed gradually with the change of the seasons. The effect of the south and the north of the building on the building energy efficiency is different. The research results have a reference to the design of the energy-saving design. In the aspect of orientation, the effect of the south-to-outer sun-shading coefficient on the energy consumption of the building is greater than that of the north, and the construction should take priority into consideration when the external sun-shading is taken into account, and the external sun-shading of the activity outside the building window is suitable. The climate and solar radiation intensity in a region affect the energy consumption of the local buildings. According to the simulated experimental data, the conclusion is that the total energy consumption of the refrigeration in a certain high-rise residence in Guangzhou is the largest, and the cooling energy consumption of Kunming is the smallest. In terms of the heating energy consumption of the building, the heating energy consumption of the Beijing area is the largest, the heating energy consumption in the Shanghai area is about 40% of the Beijing area, the heating energy consumption in the Kunming area is about 10% of Beijing, the heating energy consumption of the Guangzhou area is the smallest, and the heating energy consumption is about 5% of the heating energy consumption in Beijing. The total energy consumption in Beijing is the largest, the total energy consumption in Shanghai and Guangzhou is similar, and the total energy consumption in Kunming area is the smallest, which is about 40% of the Beijing area.
【学位授予单位】：天津商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU241.8;TU111.195

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