出口引导设置对人员疏散效率影响的研究

发布时间：2019-07-03 11:59

【摘要】：大型公共场所内,由于人员密度过高而导致踩踏事故的频繁发生已成为一个典型的公共安全问题,加强对大密度人群疏散规律的研究迫在眉睫。本文采用实验与模拟相结合的研究方法,研究出口引导设置——栏杆设置对人群疏散的影响规律,从而提出相应的栏杆优化方案,提高高密度人群疏散效率。规律研究围绕边界栏杆长度、引导栏杆引导角角度和分隔栏杆设置三方面分别展开。具体采用与高密度人群具有相似动力学特征的小球颗粒流进行实验,并使用EDEM模拟进行规律性探究,辅以Pathfinder大密度人群疏散场景验证,从而获得栏杆对人群疏散影响的一般性规律和可靠的栏杆优化方案。主要结论如下:1.边界栏杆长度对疏散效率无明显影响;疏引角角度会对疏散效率产生显著影响,疏散时间随疏引角度的增加而呈指数递减趋势,疏引角角度每提升15°疏散效率平均会提升2%;分隔栏杆的设置会对疏散产生不利影响,疏散效率随分隔栏杆数目的增加而降低,适当增加分隔栏杆长度有利于缓解该不利影响,且存在一个最优分隔栏杆有效长度值,约为边界栏杆长度的120%。2.提出两点可靠的栏杆优化方案:(1)引导栏杆优化方案:在边界栏杆入口处增设或改设一段小于50°的锐角疏引角度的引导栏杆,“漏斗”化出口处的边界条件。(2)分隔栏杆优化方案:在存在分隔栏杆的人群疏散场景中,适当增加分隔栏杆长度,对高密度人流进行提前分流。
[Abstract]:In large public places, the frequent occurrence of trampling accidents due to the high personnel density has become a typical public safety problem, and the study of the law of evacuation of large-density people is urgent. This paper uses the combination of experiment and simulation to study the influence of the setting of the exit guide on the evacuation of the population, so as to propose the corresponding rail optimization scheme and improve the evacuation efficiency of the high-density people. The study of the law about the length of the boundary rail, the guiding angle of the guide rail and the setting of the dividing rail are respectively expanded. In this paper, a small-ball particle flow with similar dynamic characteristics with the high-density population is used to carry out the experiment, and the EDEM simulation is used for the regular inquiry, and the Pathfinder's large-density population is used for evacuation scene verification, so as to obtain a general rule and a reliable balustrade optimization scheme for the effect of the balustrade on the evacuation of the population. The main conclusions are as follows:1. The length of the boundary balustrade has no obvious influence on the evacuation efficiency; the angle of the drainage angle will have a significant effect on the evacuation efficiency, and the evacuation time is exponentially decreasing with the increase of the drainage angle, and the evacuation efficiency of 15 掳 shall be increased by 2% for each lifting angle; The setting of the dividing rail will have a negative impact on the evacuation, and the evacuation efficiency decreases with the increase of the number of the dividing rails, and the proper increase of the length of the dividing rail is favorable to the mitigation of the adverse effect, and there is an effective length of the dividing rail, which is about 120% of the length of the boundary balustrade. A two-point reliable railing optimization scheme is proposed: (1) Guiding the railing optimization scheme: adding or changing a guide rail at an acute angle of less than 50 & deg; at the entrance of the boundary balustrade, and the boundary condition at the "funnel" outlet. (2) separating the railing optimization scheme: in the crowd evacuation scene with the separated balustrades, the length of the dividing rail is appropriately increased, and the high-density flow of people is divided in advance.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU998.1

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