长江流域淮军昭忠祠建筑研究

发布时间：2019-07-04 20:37

【摘要】：昭忠祠起源于明朝并在清朝兴盛,它是为祭奠战死将士建造的祭祀性建筑。淮军由清政府派李鸿章招募,起源于长江流域的安徽庐州地区。从同治三年到光绪十八年,淮军相继在全国范围内建设近十座昭忠祠。昭忠祠除了祭祀和褒扬战死的将士,同时还具有增强军事集团内部凝聚力和扩大军事影响等作用。在清朝严格的等级制度下,淮军能够在全国范围内进行淮军昭忠祠的建设也是其地位和影响力的体现。在长江流域建有四座淮军昭忠祠,分别位于江苏无锡、湖北武汉、江苏苏州和安徽巢湖。它们分布相对集中、风格特征相近,因此便于系统研究和分析其建筑特征。在研究方法上。首先,对文献的查阅是对研究的准备,包括对国内外相关文献的筛选与研读,以此来拓展研究背景,为研究找到可靠参考和有力的支撑。其次,对现状的调研是研究的基础,包括测绘、图片采集、附近居民的采访等。最后,对特征的分析是研究的目的,包括对建筑的信息特征进行归纳整理,之后对特征共性和个性进行分析和总结。由于该建筑类型具有制度传承以及军事背景的特性,因而对制度和历史背景的了解是研究的开始。所以本文第一部分主要包括对淮军、昭忠祠制度发展背景的研究。第二部分是本论文的核心部分,分部两章对淮军昭忠祠进行研究。一章关于建筑现状和规划选址的研究,另一章是对建筑形制的研究。第三部分是论文的结论部分,本部分梳理与分析了长江流域淮军昭忠祠的现状与特征,并探讨淮军昭忠祠建筑发展的地域化与本土化发展。最后一部分是论文的展望,本部分结合全国范围内的淮军昭忠祠建筑对其保护和再利用策略提出建议。从第一座淮军昭忠祠的建造至今已经一百五十年有余。它们的建设背景特殊,在动荡的晚晴时期,依托一脉相承的昭忠祠建造制度。它们的选址考究,讲求传统风水理念,造就了地域化特征。它们的形制特色鲜明,承载着祭祀功能,形成了本土化风貌。淮军昭忠祠在中国传统古建筑中展示出其独特的魅力,对其进行研究不论是对历史的认知还是对古建筑的保护都有重要意义。
文内图片：

图片说明：全国昭忠祠分布及建造年代
[Abstract]:Zhaozhong Temple originated in the Ming Dynasty and flourished in the Qing Dynasty. It is a sacred building built to honor the dead soldiers. Huaijun was recruited by Li Hongzhang, sent by the Qing government, and originated in Luzhou area of Anhui Province in the Yangtze River Basin. From three years of Tongzhi to 18 years of Guang Xu, Huaijun built nearly ten Zhaozhong shrines all over the country. Zhaozhong Temple not only sacrificed and praised the soldiers who died in the war, but also played a role in strengthening the cohesion within the military group and expanding the military influence. Under the strict hierarchy of Qing Dynasty, Huaijun was able to carry out the construction of Zhaozhong Temple in Huaijun throughout the country, which was also the embodiment of its status and influence. There are four Zhaozhong shrines in the Yangtze River Basin, located in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, Wuhan, Hubei Province, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province and Chaohu Lake, Anhui Province. Their distribution is relatively concentrated and their style features are similar, so it is convenient to systematically study and analyze their architectural features. In terms of research methods. First of all, the reference to the literature is the preparation of the study, including the screening and reading of the relevant literature at home and abroad, in order to expand the research background and find reliable reference and strong support for the research. Secondly, the investigation of the current situation is the basis of the research, including surveying and mapping, picture collection, interviews of nearby residents and so on. Finally, the analysis of features is the purpose of the study, including the information features of architecture, and then the characteristics of commonness and personality are analyzed and summarized. Because the architectural type has the characteristics of institutional inheritance and military background, the understanding of institutional and historical background is the beginning of the study. Therefore, the first part of this paper mainly includes the research on the development background of Huaijun and Zhaozhong Temple system. The second part is the core part of this paper, the two chapters of Huaijun Zhaozhong Temple are studied. The first chapter is about the present situation of the building and the planning and site selection, and the other is the research on the shape of the building. The third part is the conclusion of the paper, this part combs and analyzes the present situation and characteristics of Huaijun Zhaozhong Temple in the Yangtze River Basin, and discusses the regionalization and localization of the architectural development of Huaijun Zhaozhong Temple. The last part is the prospect of the paper, this part combines the Huaijun Zhaozhong Temple building in the whole country to put forward some suggestions on its protection and reuse strategy. It has been more than 150 years since the construction of the first Zhaozhong Temple in Huaijun. Their construction background is special, in the turbulent late Qing period, relying on a succession of Zhaozhong Temple construction system. Their location research, emphasis on the traditional feng shui concept, created the characteristics of regionalization. Their distinctive features, bearing the function of sacrifice, formed a local style. Huaijun Zhaozhong Temple shows its unique charm in Chinese traditional ancient architecture, and it is of great significance to study it both in historical cognition and in the protection of ancient architecture.
【学位授予单位】：安徽建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU251

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