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深基坑对周边建筑结构的影响及应对措施

发布时间:2019-07-05 09:33
【摘要】:随着我国城镇化及建筑业的快速发展,城市的土地资源日趋紧张,城市建筑密度越来越大,为有效利用土地,城市建筑中出现大量高层及地下建筑,随之,深基坑的的应用越来越广泛,规模也越来越大,但是在深基坑的施工过程中,如果防护效果不当,就会对临近建筑及周边设施产生一定影响,例如在基坑施工过程中周边建筑结构可能会出现局部破坏、地下管线断裂、周边路面塌陷,严重者会威胁建筑本身的安全,由于基坑变形后恢复难度很大,所以本文的应对措施主要是针对建筑结构的加固。本文重点研究了深基坑施工对周边不同区域、不同距离的框架结构建筑的基底位移、结构内力的影响,及因地基变形而产生局部破坏的已用建筑结构加固方式。本文采用数值模拟来分析基坑对建筑的影响,其中基坑模拟采用有限差分软件FLAC.3D,建筑模拟采用有限元软件ETABS。具体研究内容如下;(1)本文对基坑周边不同区域、不同位置的建筑分为两类来研究,当建筑在垂直于基坑长边方向上,由近及远存在位置变化时,基底的相对位移则是先增大后减小,大约在距基坑长边20米左右出现转折。而内力变化遵循相同的规律。当建筑处于平行基坑长边方向时,由基坑长边中点向两边进行位置变化时,其相对位移先增大,中部变化不大,而后再减小,而在移动过程中建筑结构的内变化同样如此,不难发现,两者具有很强的相关性。(2)基坑在分层开挖过程中建筑基底位移的绝对值并非一直在增大,例如在开挖达到一定深度时候,竖向位移开始出现反弹,其绝对值随着开挖在不断减小,即变化出现了转折点,在基坑施工开挖过程中,要特别基底注意位移的转折点,因为此时土体的运动方向可能改变了,应加强基坑变形的监测,由于竖向相对位移却在增大,所以建筑的内力还是在不断变大。通过阅读文献,发现基坑开挖模拟方式分为两种,即一次开挖和分层开挖,本文对两种开挖方式所得结果进行比较,分层开挖得到的基底沉降和结构内力均偏大一点,而且分层开挖更符合基坑开挖的真实过程。(3)本文以结构加固为具体应对措施,并且选择基坑周边某一位置的建筑,采用PKPM进行加固计算,由于此处建筑本来已经存在,已经在使用,所以加固时所不宜进行大面积作业,而且加固速度要快,不能耗时过长,不能对居民的正常生活造成影响,所以本文选择选择外包型钢、粘贴钢板法对梁、柱构件进行加固。本文通过对基坑周边不同位置的,不同距离的结构体的基底位移和内力进行分析,得到一部分结论,希望可以对实际工程提供一些参考。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urbanization and construction industry in our country, the land resources of the city are becoming more and more tense, and the density of urban buildings is increasing. In order to make effective use of land, a large number of high-rise and underground buildings appear in urban buildings. Subsequently, the application of deep foundation pit is more and more extensive and the scale is also larger and larger. However, in the construction process of deep foundation pit, if the protective effect is not appropriate, it will have a certain impact on the adjacent buildings and surrounding facilities. For example, in the process of foundation pit construction, the surrounding building structure may appear local damage, underground pipeline fracture, surrounding pavement collapse, serious will threaten the safety of the building itself, because it is very difficult to recover after foundation pit deformation, so the countermeasures in this paper are mainly aimed at the reinforcement of building structure. In this paper, the influence of deep foundation pit construction on the foundation displacement and internal force of frame structure buildings in different areas and distances is studied, and the local damage caused by foundation deformation is also studied. In this paper, the influence of foundation pit on building is analyzed by numerical simulation, in which the finite difference software FLAC.3D, is used to simulate the foundation pit. The finite element software ETABS. is used to simulate the foundation pit. The specific research contents are as follows: (1) in this paper, the buildings in different areas around the foundation pit are divided into two categories. When the buildings are perpendicular to the long side of the foundation pit and change from the near and far positions, the relative displacement of the foundation increases at first and then decreases, and turns about 20 meters from the long side of the foundation pit. The change of internal force follows the same law. When the building is in the parallel direction of the long edge of the foundation pit, when the position changes from the midpoint of the long edge of the foundation pit to the two sides, the relative displacement increases at first, but then decreases, but the internal change of the building structure is the same in the process of moving, so it is not difficult to find that there is a strong correlation between the two. (2) the absolute value of the displacement of the building foundation in the process of layered excavation is not always increasing. For example, when the excavation reaches a certain depth, the vertical displacement begins to rebound, and its absolute value decreases with the excavation, that is, the change appears a turning point. In the process of foundation pit construction, special attention should be paid to the turning point of the displacement, because the movement direction of the soil may change at this time, the monitoring of foundation pit deformation should be strengthened, because the vertical relative displacement is increasing, so the internal force of the building is still increasing. Through reading the literature, it is found that there are two kinds of foundation pit excavation simulation methods, that is, primary excavation and layered excavation. In this paper, the results of the two excavation methods are compared. The settlement of the foundation and the internal force of the structure obtained by the layered excavation are larger, and the layered excavation is more in line with the real process of the foundation pit excavation. (3) in this paper, structural reinforcement is taken as the specific response measure, and the building around the foundation pit is selected. Because the building here already exists and is already in use, the reinforcement should not be carried out in a large area, and the reinforcement speed should be fast, can not take too long, and can not affect the normal life of the residents. Therefore, this paper chooses the outer section steel method to reinforce the beam and column members. In this paper, the foundation displacement and internal force of structures with different positions and distances around the foundation pit are analyzed, and some conclusions are obtained, which hope to provide some references for practical engineering.
【学位授予单位】:西安工业大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2017
【分类号】:TU473;TU318

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