乡村规划的国际经验与实践

发布时间：2019-07-09 20:41

【摘要】：城乡关系历来是城市化和工业化中的关注点,也是实现城乡均衡发展的难点。目前发达国家大多已拥有较为完善的乡村规划体系,但纵观各国的发展历程,对乡村地区的规划建设大多经历了从忽视、边缘化到重视、重新认识的过程,这与各国工业化和城市化的发展路径密切相关。中国当前正面临乡村地区的重要转型,各种农村问题亟待解决。因此,需要探索各国乡村规划发展历程,借鉴经验并结合自身实践尽快建立较为完善的乡村规划体系,度过转型拐点。本文就乡村地区的发展和规划,试图从规划法规与政策、土地综合整治、乡村保护与发展、公众参与等四个方面,介绍国际上发达国家或发展中国家的做法并总结经验,从而为我国的乡村地区发展和规划提供借鉴与参考对象。结论指出,城乡平等、土地集中、保护兼顾发展和自主规划是乡村地区发展规划合理制定与有效实施的关键内容。
[Abstract]:The relationship between urban and rural areas has always been the focus of urbanization and industrialization, and it is also a difficult point to realize the balanced development of urban and rural areas. At present, most of the developed countries have a relatively perfect rural planning system, but throughout the development process of various countries, most of the planning and construction of rural areas have gone through a process from neglect, marginalization to attention, re-understanding, which is closely related to the development path of industrialization and urbanization in various countries. At present, China is facing the important transformation of rural areas, and various rural problems need to be solved urgently. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the development process of rural planning in various countries, draw lessons from experience and combine their own practice to establish a more perfect rural planning system as soon as possible, so as to get through the inflection point of transformation. Based on the development and planning of rural areas, this paper attempts to introduce the practices of developed or developing countries in the world from four aspects: planning laws and policies, comprehensive land improvement, rural protection and development, and public participation, so as to provide reference and reference for the development and planning of rural areas in China. It is concluded that equality between urban and rural areas, land concentration, protection and consideration of development and independent planning are the key contents of rational formulation and effective implementation of development planning in rural areas.
【作者单位】：北京大学城市与环境学院;北京大学-林肯研究院城市发展与土地政策研究中心;
【基金】：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划课题“村镇区域空间规划与土地优化利用技术集成示范”(2012BAJ22B06)成果之一
【分类号】：TU982

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