万达购物中心性能化防火设计研究
发布时间：2024-05-11 07:17
零售商场常面临着包括火灾在内的一系列风险,购物中心也不例外。许多人光顾的封闭购物中心若发生火灾,惊慌失措的人群会互相推挤地逃离这些燃烧和烟雾弥漫的地方,导致许多人死亡。据统计,火灾中大多数受害者不是由火灾直接导致的死亡,而是烟雾能见度低、有毒气体窒息所致。本文针对火灾烟气能见度和人员疏散概率对中国南宁市的某高层购物中心(商场)展开了算法研究,分析了 38个火灾模拟案例和相应的3个疏散案例。我们阐述了性能化设计(PBD)的基本原则概念框架,使用三个软件程序,即:PATHFINDER、FDS和PyroSim开展了研究。在模拟中,考虑了三种条件,一是自然排风窗开闭状态,二是窗口故障状态,三是水喷淋开启状态。我们首先对窗口的开闭状态进行了研究,发现当窗户打开时,建筑内的三层楼均在相当长的一段时间内完全无烟,而三楼步行街的楼梯区域不能完全无烟。同时,我们还研究了在正常和拥挤条件下的安全疏散时间。通过分析安全时间曲线,我们揭示了烟雾在建筑中扩散的速度、烟雾的能见度,以及烟雾从一层流动到另一层的动力学过程。仿真结果可为建筑设计和人员安全疏散提供参考。
【文章页数】：119 页
【学位级别】：硕士
【文章目录】：
摘要
Abstract
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Examples Fire Cases in Shopping Malls all Over the World
1.2 Objective of the Thesis
1.3 Thesis Overview
Chapter 2 Objective Introduction and Fire scene Design
2.1 Basic Information of Large Shopping Mall
2.1.1 Shopping mall structure
2.2 Fire Scene Design
2.2.1 Fire source and ignition material
2.2.2 Ignition
2.2.3 Ignition source
2.2.4 Fire extinguisher introduction
2.3 Fire Design Method
2.3.1 Fire growth rate a
2.3.2 Heat release rate
2.3.3 Heat release rate calculation formula
2.3.4 Fire protections design and location
2.4 Difficulty in the Fire Protection Design of Large Buildings
2.4.1 Analysis of difficulties in fire protection design of Wanda
2.4.2 Some vital requirement in this code we cannot imply in shopping mall
2.5 Systematic Diagram of Fire Location in Wanda Shopping Mall
Chapter 3 PBD Methods Introduction and Project Evaluation
3.1 Introduction of PBD
3.2 Introduction Fire Safety Performance Based Assessment Methods
3.2.1 Determine the field condition of the analytic object
3.2.2 Established fire safety goals and objectives
3.2.3 Selection of appropriates quantitative analysis method
3.2.4 Specific analysis of factors affecting fire safety objectives
3.3 Evaluation the Project with PBD
3.3.1 Project objectives
3.4 Research Contents
3.4.1 Evaluation plan of Wanda plaza using PBD
3.5 Evaluation Plan Using Fire Scenarios
Chapter 4 Fire Hazards and Smoke Movement Using FDS
4.1 Introduction of Smoke movement
4.2 FDS Background and Scoop
4.2.1 Surfaces
4.2.2 Governing equation of FDS
4.3 Output Data Measuring Devices
4.4 Numerical Simulation
4.4.1 Grid resolution analysis
4.4.2 Numerical model
4.5 Wanda Shopping Mall Structure Diagram Using FDS
4.6 Smart Control System
4.7 Plane Layout and the Position of Smoke Detector
4.8 FDS Simulation Calculation
4.8.1 Fire scenario and fire power source for FDS simulation
4.8.2 FDS simulation result
4.8.3 When 1MW fire source is located at atrium
4.8.4 When 4MW fire source is located at atrium
4.8.5 When 3MW fire source is located at shop on ground floor
4.8.6 When 10MW fire source is located at shop on ground floor
4.8.7 When 3MW fire source is located at shop on 2nd floor
4.8.8 When 10MW fire source is located at shop on 2nd floor
4.8.9 When 3MW fire source is located at resturant on 3rdfloor
4.8.10 When 10MW fire source is located at shop on 3rd floor
4.9 FDS Slice Resultes For Smoke Visibility and Tempereture
4.9.1 Smoke visibility and temperature cases study
Chapter 5 Occupants Safety Evacuation Analysis
5.1 Overview of Occupants Evacuation
5.1.1 Egress design
5.1.2 Human behavior during fire
5.2 Safety Evacuation Time for Occupants
5.3 Objective of Safety Evacuation Analysis
5.3.1 Criteria of safety evacuation
5.4 Parameters of Occupants Evacuation
5.4.1 Occupants type
5.4.2 Calculation method of evacuation time
5.4.3 Detection time and response time
5.5 Occupants Evacuation Using PATHFINDER
5.5.1 PATHFINDER overview
5.5.2 Population density distribution
5.6 PATHFINDER Evacuation Results
5.6.1 Scheme 1 evacuation analysis
5.6.2 Scheme 2 evacuation analysis
Chapter 6 Safety Assessment
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Smoke visibility safety time curve
6.2 Safety Assessment About Evacuation Stairs at 2nd Floor
6.3 Summary
Chapter 7 Conclusion and Suggestions
7.1 Conclusion
7.2 Suggestions
References
Acknowledgements
本文编号：3969708
【文章页数】：119 页
【学位级别】：硕士
【文章目录】：
摘要
Abstract
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Examples Fire Cases in Shopping Malls all Over the World
1.2 Objective of the Thesis
1.3 Thesis Overview
Chapter 2 Objective Introduction and Fire scene Design
2.1 Basic Information of Large Shopping Mall
2.1.1 Shopping mall structure
2.2 Fire Scene Design
2.2.1 Fire source and ignition material
2.2.2 Ignition
2.2.3 Ignition source
2.2.4 Fire extinguisher introduction
2.3 Fire Design Method
2.3.1 Fire growth rate a
2.3.2 Heat release rate
2.3.3 Heat release rate calculation formula
2.3.4 Fire protections design and location
2.4 Difficulty in the Fire Protection Design of Large Buildings
2.4.1 Analysis of difficulties in fire protection design of Wanda
2.4.2 Some vital requirement in this code we cannot imply in shopping mall
2.5 Systematic Diagram of Fire Location in Wanda Shopping Mall
Chapter 3 PBD Methods Introduction and Project Evaluation
3.1 Introduction of PBD
3.2 Introduction Fire Safety Performance Based Assessment Methods
3.2.1 Determine the field condition of the analytic object
3.2.2 Established fire safety goals and objectives
3.2.3 Selection of appropriates quantitative analysis method
3.2.4 Specific analysis of factors affecting fire safety objectives
3.3 Evaluation the Project with PBD
3.3.1 Project objectives
3.4 Research Contents
3.4.1 Evaluation plan of Wanda plaza using PBD
3.5 Evaluation Plan Using Fire Scenarios
Chapter 4 Fire Hazards and Smoke Movement Using FDS
4.1 Introduction of Smoke movement
4.2 FDS Background and Scoop
4.2.1 Surfaces
4.2.2 Governing equation of FDS
4.3 Output Data Measuring Devices
4.4 Numerical Simulation
4.4.1 Grid resolution analysis
4.4.2 Numerical model
4.5 Wanda Shopping Mall Structure Diagram Using FDS
4.6 Smart Control System
4.7 Plane Layout and the Position of Smoke Detector
4.8 FDS Simulation Calculation
4.8.1 Fire scenario and fire power source for FDS simulation
4.8.2 FDS simulation result
4.8.3 When 1MW fire source is located at atrium
4.8.4 When 4MW fire source is located at atrium
4.8.5 When 3MW fire source is located at shop on ground floor
4.8.6 When 10MW fire source is located at shop on ground floor
4.8.7 When 3MW fire source is located at shop on 2nd floor
4.8.8 When 10MW fire source is located at shop on 2nd floor
4.8.9 When 3MW fire source is located at resturant on 3rdfloor
4.8.10 When 10MW fire source is located at shop on 3rd floor
4.9 FDS Slice Resultes For Smoke Visibility and Tempereture
4.9.1 Smoke visibility and temperature cases study
Chapter 5 Occupants Safety Evacuation Analysis
5.1 Overview of Occupants Evacuation
5.1.1 Egress design
5.1.2 Human behavior during fire
5.2 Safety Evacuation Time for Occupants
5.3 Objective of Safety Evacuation Analysis
5.3.1 Criteria of safety evacuation
5.4 Parameters of Occupants Evacuation
5.4.1 Occupants type
5.4.2 Calculation method of evacuation time
5.4.3 Detection time and response time
5.5 Occupants Evacuation Using PATHFINDER
5.5.1 PATHFINDER overview
5.5.2 Population density distribution
5.6 PATHFINDER Evacuation Results
5.6.1 Scheme 1 evacuation analysis
5.6.2 Scheme 2 evacuation analysis
Chapter 6 Safety Assessment
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Smoke visibility safety time curve
6.2 Safety Assessment About Evacuation Stairs at 2nd Floor
6.3 Summary
Chapter 7 Conclusion and Suggestions
7.1 Conclusion
7.2 Suggestions
References
Acknowledgements
本文编号：3969708
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