大学视野中的新文学

发布时间：2018-01-15 18:38

本文关键词：大学视野中的新文学　出处：《北京大学》2007年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 本文的研究对象是1930年代北平的大学教育与文学生产,主要是以大学为视角,考察北伐后到抗战前(1928-1937)这十年北平的新文学活动。这一时期的北平被称为“文化城”或“大学城”,文学活动往往是在各大学中展开的;在时空上以1930年代的北平为范围,描述和分析大学参与到新文学的想像和再生产中去的不同层面,是本文的主要任务。大体而言,本文从两个层面来考察“大学视野中的新文学”:作为知识生产的场所,大学通过学术研究和课程设置,生产着有关新文学的各种知识、观念和历史叙述;而作为由教师和学生组成的“文化共同体”,大学又为新文学再生产创造了诸如文学社团、刊物、师生关系、人际网络等制度性的条件。本文在结构上即遵循此一思路,大体上分为前后两个部分。前三章以北大、清华等学术化取向较为明显的大学为中心,讨论大学有关新文学的知识生产,为新文学提供了怎样的视野,其中涉及新文学中“传统/现代”、“中/西”等诸多命题。后两章则将对象扩展到北平师大、中国大学等学术等级较低的学校,以及大学外的文艺青年,分析不同大学中文学群体从事文学活动的不同策略,以及背后蕴含着权力关系的制度性条件。通过引入场域的角度,本文试图说明,在1930年代的特定历史条件下,北平各大学间存在着一个分化的场域结构,人们对于新文学的想像,以及他们参与新文学的方式,总是和他们在这一场域结构中的位置紧密相关。引论部分首先对作为背景的五四以来新文学与大学之关系略加梳理,以便将本文的研究对象置于更长时段考察,并由此引伸出研究思路。继而交待本文的框架结构和研究方法,并对相关的学术史进行清理。第一章主要以北大、清华两校为对象,考察它们的文学课程及其包含的文学想象。由于学术专业化的趋势,两校的国文系课程仍多以“国学”为主体,方法上则以趋向于历史考据的“科学方法”为主,而于文学自身的品评鉴赏则置之度外。加之五四反传统的“范式压力”,传统难以成为新文学的资源,主事者虽有心在国文系中引入新文学,基本上仍以失败告终。与此形成对比,当时外文系则以文学为本位,尤为引人瞩目的是对欧美现代主义的大力引介,开拓了新文学的资源,刺激了对传统的重新发现,由此形成的“普遍性的视野”,构成了对五四反传统范式的超越。第二章则选择文学批评为个案,讨论当时的文学批评与学院文学教育之关系。新文学早期的文学批评主要注重于观念的表达和体系的建立,文学批评的过于观念化,引起了不少人的反思。1930年代北平的批评界,发出了把批评重心放到作品上的呼声,转而试图建立起以具体作品为批评对象的“实际批评”,这一批评立场背后,其实有很强的学院背景。本章主要涉及叶公超、瑞恰慈、李健吾、李长之等人,分析学院背景在其批评理路形成中的作用,而这一背景仍可归结为前章所述“普遍性的视野”。第三章则以新诗为例,分析新文学背景的学者的学术研究和新文学之间的对话关系。对于胡适、朱自清及《歌谣》周围的学人来说,他们面临的主要任务是将新诗纳入到整个文学史的叙述中去,其中种种缝隙和紧张仍昭昭可见;而朱光潜、梁宗岱等西学背景的学人,通过将西学转化为某种普遍性的知识,于无形中化解了困扰新诗乃至新文学的“中/西”“新/旧”的沟通和弥合问题。本章同时讨论了当时的“读诗会”这一具体的空间,不同学术背景的学人在这一空间的对话,亦使得新/旧、中/西呈现出融合汇通的态势。第四章考察了当时北平各大学中两种文学空间:社团和人际网络。早期新文学的校园文学活动主要通过社团进行,北大、清华莫不如是,进入1930年代后,由于学术专业化的压力和国民政府的有意控制,以及新文学自身格局的变化,北大、清华等校中的学生文学社团渐趋萎缩,取而代之的是一种松散的人际网络。而在北平师大、中国大学等校中,带有左翼色彩的文艺社团活动仍相当活跃,并伴随着一二九运动浮出地表,但由于和政治运动之间的复杂纠葛,他们的文学创作却难以进入到文学场中。第五章则在更大的范围内,从场域的角度,探讨当时北平文坛两个主要的文学群体——“学院派”和学院外的“文艺青年”——的文学策略和文学立场,特别是表现在有关文类的等级观念和文类的选择倾向上,学院写作以新诗为大宗,文艺青年则多集中于小说一途。作为两者中介的是掌握着《大公报·文艺》等阵地的沈从文、萧乾,他们编辑副刊的同时,也在行使着某种文类选择和过滤的权力。结语部分则试图对“大学视野中的新文学”这一论题所包含的学术、政治及文学之间的复杂纠葛,作进一步的概括和提炼。特别是分析了作为1930年代北平文坛主体的学院派,其对新文学的想像(“普遍性的视野”),与他们面对现实政治的姿态以及自我定位之间的内在关联。然而,无论功过得失,随着民族危机的日益严峻,学院派也面临着越来越大的压力,被迫调整着自己的姿态,其结果则是最终走向解体。
[Abstract]:The research object of this paper is 1930s Peking University Education and literary production, mainly from the perspective of University, the northern expedition to study before the Anti Japanese War (1928-1937) of the ten new literature activities in Beijing. During this period, the city was called the "cultural city" or "University City", literary activities are often carried out in the University in 1930s; in time and space in University, different levels of description and analysis to the university to participate in the imagination and reproduction of new literature to, is the main task of this paper. In general, this paper examines the "New Literature" in perspective of University from two aspects: as knowledge production places. By setting the university academic research and curriculum, production of all kinds of knowledge about literature, concept and historical narrative; which is composed of teachers and students to create a "cultural community", such as University of literature for the reproduction of new literature Institutional conditions such as associations, publications, teacher-student relations, and interpersonal networks.
This paper is to follow this idea in structure, can be broadly divided into two parts. The first three chapters before and after taking Beijing University, Tsinghua University and other academic orientation is more obvious as the center of discussion about University new literary knowledge production, how to provide the vision for the new literature, which relates to the new literature "tradition / modern", "West" and many other propositions. The following two chapters extend the scope to Beijing Normal University, China university academic lower grade school, and University of foreign literary youth, different strategies of different literary groups in University Chinese school, and behind the institutional conditions of power relations through. The introduction of the field of view, this paper attempts to show that, in the specific historical conditions in 1930s, Beijing between the field structure of a differentiation, people think of the new literature, and the way they participate in the new literature, the total It is closely related to their position in this domain structure.
The introduction part firstly, since as the background of the new literature and the relationship between the 54 universities slightly in order, in order to study in a longer period of this study, and byextension research ideas. Then explain the framework and method of the study, and the relevant academic history for cleaning.
The first chapter mainly in Peking University, Tsinghua University, studying their literature course and the literary imagination. Because of the trend of academic professionalization, Chinese curriculum in the two schools were mostly Ancient Chinese Literature Search "as the main method is based on historical textual research tends to" scientific method ", and literary criticism appreciation was omitted. In addition to the 54 anti traditional" paradigm ", the traditional literature resources to become the new leader, although the heart in Chinese department in the introduction of new literature, basically still failed. In contrast, the Department of foreign languages is based on literary, particularly impressive is to introduce to European and American modernism, new literature resources, stimulated the rediscovery of traditional, thus forming a" universal vision ", which surpassed the 54 anti traditional paradigm.
The second chapter chooses the case of literary criticism, literary criticism and discussion at the College of literature education. The establishment of the system of literary expression and the beginning of the new literature criticism mainly focused on the concept of literary criticism is the concept, caused a lot of people on.1930 in the North Plain of critics, a focus on the criticism the work calls, and tried to establish the specific works as "practical criticism", behind this critical position, actually has a strong academic background. This chapter mainly involves Ye Gongchao, Richards, Li Jianwu, Li Changzhi et al. Analysis of background formed in its criticism of the role, and this the background and still be attributed to the previous chapter of "universal vision."
The third chapter in the new poetry as an example, the analysis between academic research and new literature background of the new literary scholars dialogue relationship. For Hu Shi, people around Zhu Ziqing and song < >, their main task is to face the new poetry into the whole history of literature narration, its gap and tension is still visible visible Zhu Guangqian, Liang Zongdai; people such as Western background, the western learning into a kind of universal knowledge, to resolve the problems of intangible in New Poetry and new literature "in the west" and "new / old" communication and Bridge problems. This chapter also discusses the "poetry reading" the specific the space, people learn different academic background dialogue in this space, but also makes the new / old, showing a fusion of Chinese / Western Huitong trend.
The fourth chapter investigates the two kinds of Beijing in the literary space: community and interpersonal networks. The campus literary activities of early new literature mainly through the association, Beijing University, Tsinghua University without exception, after entering in 1930s, due to control the pressure of academic professionalization and the government, as well as the changes, the new literary pattern of Peking University Tsinghua University, students in the literary community gradually declined and was replaced by a loose network. While in Beijing Normal University, China University, with left-wing literary societies is still very active, and accompanied by the 129 movement to the surface, but due to political entanglements and their movement. Literary creation is difficult to enter into literary field.
The fifth chapter in greater scope, from the field of literary perspective, Peking was two major literary groups -- the "school" and the school "literary youth" -- literary strategies and literary position, especially in the hierarchy and the tendency to choose the relevant genre. College writing new poetry, young artists are concentrated in a novel way. As the bridge between master "Ta Kung Pao literature > positions of Shen Congwen, Xiao Qian, editor of the supplement them at the same time, in the exercise of genre filtration power.
The conclusion part is trying to contain "New Literature" of University in the perspective of the topic of the academic complex entanglement between politics and literature, further summarized and refined. Especially analyzes the main academic literature of Peking in 1930s, the new literature imagination ("universal vision"). In the face of the intrinsic connection between the reality of political attitude and self orientation with them. However, whether success or failure, with national crisis deepening school is facing more and more pressure, were forced to adjust their attitude, the result is eventually disintegrated.

【学位授予单位】：北京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：I206.6

【引证文献】