梁启超1920年代的“情感”诗学研究

发布时间：2018-04-06 22:00

本文选题：梁启超　切入点：新文化运动　出处：《清华大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：1920年，欧游归来的梁启超积极投身于新文化运动中。欧洲之行促成了他思想的转变。他在对于西方启蒙运动以来的科学理性予以反思的同时，将中国新文化的建设途径指向中西“化合”和“以复古求解放”，并以人文主义为其精神内核。这与新文化运动的主流话语显出差别。梁启超将文学作为新文化建设的重要领域，继“三界革命”时代之后，再次给予文学较多关注，但其文学观已与早年将文学作为启蒙之利器的时代判然不同，也与文学革命的主导倾向形成对话。 1920年代梁启超的文学研究以诗学为主干，诗学成为其实践“培养新人才”、“宣传新文化”、“开拓新政治”主张的重要载体。他在国学的框架内对于传统诗歌进行了重新阐释，但他并不以狭义诗学为满足，而是以此为基础，试图达到对于整体性的文学的认识，这使其诗学又上升为广义诗学。不同于早年只关注文学的功用，他回归文学的审美属性，从“情感”的角度界定文学。梁启超的情感观中既有倡导情感解放的启蒙现代性的一面，又有以情感平衡理性的反思现代性的一面。他强调新文化运动不能缺少情感维度，将西方在现代发展中单纯强调科学理性所导致的“唯物的、机械的人生观”作为新文化建设的前车之鉴。他将文学作为对国民进行“情感教育”的利器，在其中既有启蒙的因素，又有文化的因素，两者相辅相成。梁启超在其诗学中着力梳理和阐发了中国文学源远流长的抒情传统，他不但以此将屈原等诗人的崇高情感树立为新文学家的主体人格建构的典范，而且以此教育现代国民，其中他特别注意了传统文学在文化转型期对于形成全民族新的文化认同所能发挥的作用。梁启超1920年代的诗学体系建构既吸收了中国传统诗学成果，又借鉴了某些西方文学理论和方法。他的研究兼具文学批评和文学史两种形态，并努力实现史、论的结合，同时还采用了中西文学比较的方法。其诗学表现出明确的方法论意识和兼收并蓄的开阔格局。梁启超的诗学探索虽然有其时代性的局限，仍以其独特性有力地推动了正处在形成期的中国现代诗学。因其与主流话语的差异，丰富了现代诗学的多元构成，并为中国诗学的未来发展提供范式。遗憾的是，，梁启超1920年代的诗学成果目前尚未得到充分重视，亟待深入研究。
[Abstract]:In 1920, Liang Qichao returned from a European tour and actively devoted himself to the New Culture Movement.His trip to Europe brought about a change of mind.While reflecting on the scientific rationality since the Western Enlightenment, he pointed the way of the construction of Chinese new culture to the "combination" between China and the West and "seeking liberation with the restoration of the ancient times", and took humanism as its spiritual core.This is different from the mainstream discourse of the New Culture Movement.Liang Qichao took literature as an important field in the construction of new culture and paid more attention to literature again after the "three realms revolution" era, but his literary view was different from the era in which literature was regarded as a sharp weapon of enlightenment in his early years.Also form dialogue with the dominant tendency of the literary revolution.In 1920s, Liang Qichao's literary research focused on poetics, which became an important carrier for his practice of "cultivating new talents", "propagating new culture" and "opening up new politics".He reinterprets the traditional poetry within the framework of the study of Chinese classics, but he is not satisfied with the narrow sense of poetics, but on this basis, he tries to reach the understanding of the whole literature, which makes his poetics rise to the broad sense of poetics.Instead of paying attention to the function of literature in his early years, he returned to the aesthetic attribute of literature and defined literature from the angle of emotion.Liang Qichao's view of emotion not only advocates the enlightening modernity of emotional liberation, but also reflects on modernity with emotional balance and rationality.He emphasized that the New Culture Movement could not lack the emotional dimension, and took the "materialistic and mechanical outlook on life", which resulted from the emphasis on scientific rationality in the modern development of the West, as a precursor to the construction of a new culture.He regards literature as a sharp weapon of "emotional education" for the people, in which there are both enlightenment and cultural factors, which complement each other.In his poetics, Liang Qichao made great efforts to sort out and expound the lyrical tradition of Chinese literature with a long history. He not only established the lofty feelings of poets such as qu Yuan as the model of the construction of the subject personality of the new writers, but also educated the modern people.Among them, he paid special attention to the role of traditional literature in forming the new cultural identity of the whole nation in the period of cultural transformation.Liang Qichao's poetics system construction in 1920s not only absorbed the achievements of Chinese traditional poetics, but also drew lessons from some western literary theories and methods.His research has both literary criticism and literary history, and makes great efforts to realize the combination of history and theory. At the same time, he adopts the method of comparing Chinese and western literature.His poetics shows a clear sense of methodology and an inclusive and open pattern.Although Liang Qichao's poetics exploration has its limitations of the times, it still promotes the modern Chinese poetics which is in its formative period with its uniqueness.Because of its difference from the mainstream discourse, it enriches the pluralistic composition of modern poetics and provides a paradigm for the future development of Chinese poetics.Unfortunately, Liang Qichao's poetic achievements in the 1920s have not been paid enough attention to, and need to be studied in depth.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I207.22

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