晚清辞书视野中的“文学”——以黄人的编纂活动为中心

发布时间：2018-05-17 11:39

本文选题：文学 + 黄人　；参考：《北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2007年02期

【摘要】：1899年,梁启超在《清议报》上连载“自由书”,论证为何要将学校、报纸、演说作为“传播文明三利器”。但“报纸”、“演说”多即兴之作,对时下有启蒙之功,却非知识增长的最佳途径。费时费力较多、讲究通力合作的辞书出版以及教科书编撰,如强劲的后卫,支撑着整个社会的学术积累与知识创新。在满清王朝寿终正寝的前夕,上海国学扶轮社出版了东吴大学教授黄人编著的《普通百科新大辞典》和《中国文学史》。刚刚崛起的社会组织(现代大学和出版社)与新型出版物(辞书和教科书),二者的合作,让我们得以一窥晚清西学东渐的蹒跚步伐。考虑到黄人在东吴大学教的是“国文”与“国学”,本文将以其编纂活动为中心,讨论现代中国的“文学”概念,是如何在晚清辞书的视野中得以浮现的。作为现代中国第一代从事文学教育的“专门家”,黄人的才情学识固然引人注目,但更值得后人欣赏的是其建立在现代学科分类基础上的“百科视野”。面对西学东渐大潮,有此视野者并不罕见,但能成功地将其落实在辞书以及教科书的编纂活动中,可就不多了。本文试图将黄人的文学批评、辞书编纂以及教科书撰写三者互相参照,解读社会转型期新的知识系统的建构。
[Abstract]:In 1899, Liang Qichao serialized the Free Book in the Ching Dian Pao, arguing why schools, newspapers and speeches should be used as "three sharp weapons of spreading civilization." But newspapers and speeches are impromptu, which is not the best way to increase knowledge. Time-consuming and laborious, cooperative dictionaries and textbook compilation, such as strong defenders, support the academic accumulation and knowledge innovation of the whole society. On the eve of the death of the Manchu Dynasty, the Rotary Club of Shanghai Guoshu published Huang Ren's New Dictionary of General Encyclopedia and History of Chinese Literature by Professor Huang Ren of Soochow University. The cooperation of the newly rising social organizations (modern universities and publishing houses) and new publications (dictionaries and textbooks) gives us a glimpse of the faltering pace of western learning in the late Qing Dynasty. In view of the fact that Huang Man teaches "Chinese language" and "Chinese Studies" in Soochow University, this paper will discuss how the concept of "literature" in modern China emerged from the perspective of the dictionaries of the late Qing Dynasty, with its compilation activities as the center. As the first generation of "specialist" engaged in literature education in modern China, Huang's talent and knowledge have attracted much attention, but what is more worthy of appreciation is his "encyclopedic vision" based on the classification of modern disciplines. In the face of the tide of western learning to the east, it is not uncommon for those who have such a vision to successfully implement it in the compilation of dictionaries and textbooks. This paper attempts to cross-reference Huang Ren's literary criticism, dictionary compilation and textbook writing to interpret the construction of a new knowledge system in the period of social transformation.
【作者单位】：北京大学中文系
【分类号】：I206.5

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