西学东渐:晚清从封闭走向开放的桥梁

发布时间：2019-07-29 17:08

【摘要】：西学东渐始于明末清初,当时,欧洲传教士带来了诸多西洋器物和西方的天文、历法、数学、地理知识,对中国知识界产生了一定的影响。但真正对中国社会形成广泛而深刻触动的是晚清以来出现的更为全面的西学东渐。这一时期传入中国的西学,除了制度层面的东西和先进的科学技术外,还包括了政治意识、哲学思想、文化观念等社会意识的方方面面。伴随着西方新式教育和译介书籍传播进来的新思想和新风俗,对中国旧有的生活方式和思想观念产生了巨大冲击,使得近代中国的大地上逐渐形成了求新、求变的社会气候。在西学的浸润和影响下,不仅促使中国人的思想和文化发生了巨大变迁,同时,彻底改变了中国人传统的固步自封、唯我独尊的思维模式和认知模式,并迈开了史无前例的社会改良和社会革命的步伐。今天,我们回顾和研究清代的西学东渐,除了认真总结历史的经验和教训外,更应当着眼于其现实意义,即在当前中国到处兴起的“国学热”中,理性地看待中国传统文化和西方近现代文化,以及中西文化之间的关系,超越中国旧有的“夷夏之防”的思维模式,以新的全球化的视野审视中国的历史和现实,这样才能以史为鉴,利用历史研究的成果,推进中国的改革开放和现代化建设。
[Abstract]:The eastward spread of western learning began in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, when European missionaries brought many Western utensils and western astronomical, calendar, mathematical and geographical knowledge, which had a certain impact on the Chinese intellectual world. But what really touched the formation of Chinese society was the more comprehensive western learning since the late Qing Dynasty. In addition to the things at the institutional level and advanced science and technology, the western learning introduced into China during this period also included all aspects of social consciousness, such as political consciousness, philosophical thought, cultural concept and so on. With the new ideas and customs spread by the new education and translation and introduction books in the West, it has a great impact on the old way of life and ideas in China, and has gradually formed a social climate of seeking new and changing in the land of modern China. Under the infiltration and influence of western learning, not only great changes have taken place in Chinese thought and culture, but also the traditional Chinese thinking mode and cognitive mode have been completely changed, and the unprecedented pace of social improvement and social revolution has been carried out. Today, when we review and study the eastward spread of western learning in Qing Dynasty, in addition to conscientiously summing up historical experiences and lessons, we should also focus on its practical significance, that is, in the current "Chinese study fever" everywhere in China, we should rationally look at the relationship between Chinese traditional culture and western modern culture, as well as the relationship between Chinese and Western cultures, and transcend China's old thinking mode of "preventing Yi Xia". Only by examining the history and reality of China from the perspective of new globalization can we learn from history and make use of the results of historical research to promote China's reform, opening up and modernization.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院近代史研究所
【分类号】：K252

【共引文献】