山东省城乡中小学学校体育均衡发展研究

  本文关键词：山东省城乡中小学学校体育均衡发展研究，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

        伴随着我国经济水平的快速发展、人们对于教育的关注程度的不断增强，优质资源特别是教育优质资源及教育资源的分配均等问题越来越受到人们的广泛关注，教育的均衡发展成为日益关注的焦点。2012年11月胡锦涛在党的十八大中作了题为《坚定不移沿着中国特色社会主义道路前进，为全面建成小康社会而奋斗》的报告，提出“努力的办好人民满意的教育，均衡发展九年义务教育，大力促进教育公平，合理配置教育资源，重点向农村、边远、贫困、民族地区倾斜，提高家庭经济困难学生资助水平，鼓励引导社会力量兴办教育，加强教师队伍建设”。教育均衡发展问题已成为党和政府关注的大事。本文主要运用了文献资料法、访谈法、问卷调查法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法、综合研究法等方法，对体育师资现状、体育教师工作具体情况、体育课程情况、体育资源等问题进行了研究。研究结果表明：城乡之间体育教师数量、学历结构、职称结构、福利待遇、工资待遇、接受培训、教研活动等差异显著，城市普遍好于农村，此外，城市体育教师在住房公积金，绩效工资等也明显高于农村体育教师；器材缺乏是目前农村学校体育面临的最大的困难；从学校体育经费来看，经费短缺是山东省农村学校体育面临的一大问题。城乡均未达到国家学校体育场地人均标准，主要表现为城区学校的场地明显不足，而农村学校的体育器材质量差、数量及种类比较缺乏，场地质量较低，城乡之间均呈现显著性差异。根据目前山东省城乡学校体育调查现状，分析了影响山东省城乡中小学学校体育均衡发展的因素，主要是城乡经济发展不均衡是学校体育不均衡发展的主要原因；学校领导、教师和家长的对于学校体育认识差异制约城乡中小学体育均衡发展；学校体育地位的不公平导致城乡学校体育教育的不公平；城乡中小学体育教师工资、福利待遇不公平导致城乡中小学体育人力资源发展不均衡；城乡之间学校体育经费投入的差距导致学校体育城乡资源配置的失衡；体育教学资源的缺乏是导致学校体育教学的不均衡发展。在此基础上，提出了城乡中小学学校体育均衡发展的对策：1、促进经济发展，加大体育教育经费投入，落实经费保障机制。加强经济建设，多渠道筹措教育经费的政策，形成专门的监督机构，确保体育教育经费能发挥最大有效的效益。2、加强学校管理人员对学校体育的重视程度。促进学校领导转变观念、提升学校领导对于体育的重视程度，提升体育教师的地位。3、健全评估评价体系、严格规范学校体育管理制度。奖惩结合，建立各级评估机制，组织人员定期对山东省学校体育工作进行考核，共同推进农村学校体育的均衡、健康发展。4、全面提升教师素质，加大培训力度，提升教学质量。确保引进新教师数量，同时保证质量，并根据学校男女学生比例配备一定数量的女体育教师；充分利用地区师范院校优势，，提升教师学历结构。5、着力解决教师待遇问题，稳定教师队伍。改善学校体育教学的物质条件，提高农村体育教师待遇，对于工作出色的体育教师给予精神和物质奖励。6、采取“补偿措施”，体育教育资源的分配优先照顾落后地区学校。7、建立城乡地域教师资源共享模式。学校之间广泛开展体育交流活动，缩小城市与农村学校的差距，提高学校体育教学的整体水平。8、合理利用开发教学资源。结合地区特色，在教学内容的选择方面进行因地制宜的选择。城市学校充分利用有限的场地，合理规划学校体育场地设施。9、充分利用高校师范生资源。要充分利用各地的高校教育优势，广泛开展校区教育合作。10、灵活开展课外活动，广泛组织运动竞赛。有计划、有组织地开展丰富多彩、形式多样的课外体育活动，以推动学校体育的发展。

    Along with the rapid development of China’s economic level and the constantenhancement of people’s concern on education, high-quality resources, especiallyhigh-quality educational resources and its distribution equality receive more and moreattention and the balanced development of education has been the focus to which people payattention increasingly. In November2012in the18th CPC National Congress, Hu Jintaodelivered a speech entitled “unswervingly advancing along the road of socialism with Chinesecharacteristics and striving for building up a complete well-off society”, which puts forwardsuch aims as “working hard to run a satisfactory education well, balanced development of thenine-year compulsory education, vigorously promoting equity in education, rational allocationof educational resources, focusing on rural, remote, poor and ethnic minority areas, improvingthe subsidy level on students from straitened family circumstances, encouraging and guidingsocial forces to run educational undertakings, strengthening the construction of teaching staff”.Balanced development of education has become a major concern of the Party and thegovernment.With the use of some research methods such as documentation, interviewing,questionnaire, mathematical statistics, logical analysis and comprehensive research, this thesisconducted a study on the status quo and the specific working condition of P.E. teachers, sportsteachers, the situation of P.E. courses and sports resources. The results show that: There aresignificant distinctions between urban and rural areas on the number of P.E. teachers, theeducational background structure, academic title, welfare benefits, salary, training andteaching and research activities. Universally, the situation is better in cities than in rural areas.In addition, the housing accumulation fund and performance-related pay of P.E. teachers incities are obviously higher than those in rural areas; the lack of equipment is the greatestdifficulty that P.E. in rural schools are facing; in terms of school sports fund, its shortage is amajor problem faced by P.E. in rural schools of Shandong Province. Both urban and ruralareas didn’t meet the national student average standard of school sports fields, mainlycharacterized by distinct deficiency of school grounds in urban schools, the poor quality ofP.E. equipments and lack of quantity and species in rural schools, the low quality of grounds.There are significant differences between urban and rural areas.According to the current status of P.E. investigation of rural and urban schools in Shandong Province, this thesis analyzes the factors that affect the balanced development ofP.E. in primary and secondary schools, which is mainly because of imbalance between urbanand rural economic development; the cognitive distinction on school sports of school leaders,teachers and parents lays restraints on the balanced development of P.E. in urban and ruralareas; the inequality of the status of P.E. in schools leads to the equality of P.E. in urban andrural areas; the inequality on teacher salary and welfare benefits of P.E. teachers leads to theimbalanced development of P.E. human resources in urban and rural schools; the fundinggap of school sports between urban and rural areas results in the imbalanced allocation ofresources; lack of P.E. teaching resources causes the uneven development of school physicaleducation. On this basis, the thesis puts forward some strategies on the balanced developmentof primary and secondary school sports in urban and rural areas.1. Promoting economic development, increasing the funding investment for physicaleducation, implementing the mechanism to ensure funding. Strengthening economicconstruction, multi-channelly raising educational funding, forming a specialized oversightadministration to ensure that funding for physical education can yield a greatest effectivereturn.2. Strengthening the degree of attention on school physical education of school managerialstaff. Promoting the school leaders to change ideas, elevating their degree of attention onschool physical education and the status of P.E. teachers.3. Strengthening the assessing and evaluating system, strictly regulating the managementsystem of school physical education. Combining rewards and punishments, setting up theevaluation mechanism at all levels, regularly organizing assessment on school physicaleducation in Shandong Province, jointly promoting the balanced and healthy development ofP.E. in rural areas.4. Raising the overall quality of teachers, intensifying training efforts and improving teachingquality. Ensuring the number and quality of newly-introduced teachers, allocating a certainamount of female P.E. teachers based on the proportion of male and female students; makingfull use of the advantages of Normal Universities to enhance teachers’ educationalbackground structure.5. Putting efforts to solve the problem of teachers’ benefits, stabilizing teaching staff.Improving the material conditions of school physical education and the treatment of teachers in rural areas, giving spiritual and material rewards for those who have done an outstandingwork.6. Adopting “compensatory measures”: schools of backward areas have the priority on theallocation of P.E. resources.7. Establishing the sharing model of teacher resources in urban and rural areas. Carrying out awide range of sports exchanges between schools, narrowing the gap between urban and ruralschools and improving the overall level of school physical education.8. Rationally using and developing teaching resources. Combining with the localcharacteristics, working out measures that are in line with local conditions in terms ofteaching content. Urban schools should make full use of the limited space and rationally planschool sports facilities.9. Making full use of the resources of Normal College students and the advantage of highereducation and widely carrying out educational cooperation between schools.10. Flexibly carrying out extracurricular activities and extensively organizing sportscompetitions. Carrying out colorful and various extracurricular sports activities in a plannedand organized way in order to promote the development of school physical education.

山东省城乡中小学学校体育均衡发展研究

摘要5-7Abstract7-9第一章 引言12-13    1.1 选题的意义12-13    1.2 教育均衡发展含义界定13第二章 研究综述13-19    2.1 关于城乡学校体育均衡发展现状的研究现状13-14    2.2 城乡学校体育价值观念的研究14-15    2.3 制约城乡中小学学校体育均衡发展的因素研究15-17    2.4 关于中小学学校体育均衡发展对策的研究17-19第三章 研究方法19-21    3.1 文献资料法19    3.2 访谈法19    3.3 问卷调查法19-20        3.3.1 问卷的效度19-20        3.3.2 问卷的信度20    3.4 数理统计法20    3.5 逻辑分析法20    3.6 综合研究法20-21第四章 山东省城乡中小学学校体育发展现状与分析21-35    4.1 山东省城乡中小学学校体育师资现状的基本情况对比分析21-23    4.2 山东省城乡中小学体育教师工作具体情况比较研究分析23-27        4.2.1 山东省城乡体育教师工作量分析比较研究23-24        4.2.2 山东省城乡中小学体育教师规定工资待遇分析比较24-25        4.2.3 山东省城乡中小学体育教师服装发放情况对比分析25        4.2.4 山东省城乡中小学体育教师福利待遇、职称评审差异分析25-26        4.2.5 山东省城乡中小学开展体育教研活动、业务培训比较分析研究26-27    4.3. 山东省城乡中小学学校体育课程情况对比分析27-33        4.3.1 山东省城乡中小学学校体育开课情况比较分析27-28        4.3.2 山东省城乡中小学实施新课程标准、制定教学教案情况比较分析28-29        4.3.3 山东省城乡中小学在体育课教学中现代化教育技术手段对比分析29        4.3.4 山东省城乡中小学体育教学内容及形式比较研究29-30        4.3.5 山东省城乡中小学课间操、课外活动开展情况30-31        4.3.6 山东省城乡影响中小学体育活动开展因素31-32        4.3.7 山东省城乡中小学体育活动开展效果分析32-33        4.3.8 山东省城乡中小学课余训练情况统计表33    4.4 山东省城乡中小学体育资源比较研究33-35        4.4.1 体育场地器材经费来源情况比较分析33-34        4.4.2 体育器材数量、达标及来源情况34-35第五章 影响山东省城乡学校体育均衡发展的因素分析35-39    5.1 山东省城乡经济发展不均衡是导致学校体育不均衡发展的主要原因35-36    5.2 学校领导、教师和家长认识观念的差异制约城乡中小学学校体育均衡发展进程36-37    5.3 学校体育地位的不公平导致城乡学校体育教育的不公平37    5.4 城乡中小学体育教师工资、福利待遇不公平导致城乡中小学体育人力资源发展不均衡37-38    5.5 城乡之间学校体育经费投入的差距导致学校体育城乡资源配置的失衡38-39    5.6 体育教学资源的缺乏是造成学校体育教学不均衡发展的主要原因39第六章 城乡中小学学校体育均衡发展对策研究39-44    6.1 促进经济发展，加大体育教育经费投入，落实经费保障机制39    6.2 加强学校管理人员对学校体育的重视程度39-40    6.3 健全评估评价体系、严格规范学校体育管理制度40    6.4 全面提升教师素质，加大培训力度，提升教学质量40-41    6.5 着力解决教师待遇问题，稳定教师队伍41-42    6.6 采取“补偿措施”，体育教育资源的分配优先照顾落后地区学校42    6.7 建立城乡地域教师资源共享模式42-43    6.8 合理利用开发教学资源43    6.9 充分利用高校师范生资源43    6.10 灵活开展课外活动，广泛组织运动竞赛43-44第七章 研究结论44-46参考文献46-49致谢49-50附录 150-53附录 253-56附录 356

  本文关键词：山东省城乡中小学学校体育均衡发展研究，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。