对我国优秀男子标枪运动员最后用力阶段的运动学分析

发布时间：2019-02-28 21:38

【摘要】：研究目的:标枪运动是一种体能主导类高难度、高速度力量型的项目,根据投掷顺序将整个标枪的投掷过程划分为持枪助跑、交叉步引枪、最后用力和标枪出手后维持身体平衡这4个部分。特别在最后用力阶段,是以体能和技术为基础,并结合速度和力量的过程。我们所研究的标枪技术要求运动员在保持一定的助跑速度的同时完成高质量的交叉步,在这个基础上,结合个人的运动技术风格提高标枪的出手速度,达到整体技术的最佳配合,以此获得标枪的更远距离和更好成绩。在整个过程中最为重要的是持枪助跑和最后用力阶段,因为这两个部分很大程度上决定了标枪的初速度。研究方法:本文通过文献资料法、调查访谈法、实验法等研究方法,以2016年6月全国田径大奖赛前8名的男子标枪运动员为研究对象,对运动员在比赛中的掷标枪过程进行了定点拍摄,单人选取3枪最佳数据共计24枪为研究样本,并采用三维摄像解析法对运动员的投掷过程的最后用力阶段技术进行研究,获取他们的掷标枪技术的运动学参数主要有几个重要的角度、高度、速度等内容。研究结果:通过对表现出来的不同特征进行对比和分析,揭示主要研究对象技术过程中可被发掘的、合理的技术潜能,得出相对准确的研究结果。通过总结他们的技术特征,并将他们的相关参数与自身以及国外优秀男子标枪运动员进行比较分析,取长补短,为我国男子标枪技术的提高提供一定理论上的参考,使教练员在训练运动员的掷标枪技术时的方法和手段更加合理化、规范化和具体化,帮助运动员利用拍摄的高速视频找出自身的运动技术问题,并进一步完善技术动作。研究结论:(1)我国标枪优秀男子运动员的合理的技术动作结构和技术特点,完全可由赵庆刚运动员的运动学参数为代表;虽然部分运动员在个别细节上存在问题,但细节上的问题在我国男子标枪界的运动员身上也是一种存在普遍的问题。(2)我国优秀男子标枪运动员各项运动参数变化幅度较小,基本已经形成了良好的动作技术,但普遍在标枪出手速度、出手高度等数值上,相对于世界级运动员都偏低,其中马群在数据变化趋势有明显变动欠缺稳定。(3)以我国的运动员自身条件来说,本应该有的后四步助跑速度优势却没有表现出来,所以把速度提升8.0m/s以上而言是完全符合可能条件的,可以从两方面来解释其原因:还有待提高运动员其自身的速度能力,这是一方面;在其高速助跑的条件下完成专项能力的左侧支撑的动作投掷,其在运动员自身保护意识的作用下,助跑速度下意识的控制住了,这又是一方面。(4)在倒二步的研究发现在部分运动员身上,出现用时延长和缩短其步伐幅度的现象,证明了其速度明显的相对下降,发生这两种情况的原因有:一是身体上有些关节的有限支撑力,左支撑在进入突停阶段时,位移速度就会下意识的降低;技术培养的过程期间,对技术细节关键的进行正确刻画与塑造,但由于对技术位移速度的运用缺乏,导致其过程惯性动作不合理。(5)我国优秀男子标枪运动员的投掷步动作特点和国际优秀运动员的技术结构投掷步动作相接近。可是前两步的投掷步中的步长过大,时间占用多,对提前加速产生不利影响。过长的平均交叉步特征,步时短的特点,造成运动员重心起伏较大。
[Abstract]:The aim of the study is that the javelin movement is a kind of high-difficulty and high-speed force-type project, and the throwing process of the whole javelin is divided into a gun-assisted running, a cross-step shot gun, a final force and a javelin to maintain the balance of the body. In particular, in the final force phase, it is based on physical performance and technology, and the process of speed and force is combined. The javelin technology we have studied requires the athletes to complete the high-quality crosssteps while maintaining a certain speed of running, and on this basis, the speed of the javelin can be improved by combining the sport technical style of the individual, so as to achieve the best fit of the whole technology. So as to obtain the distance and the better result of the javelin. The most important of the whole process is the holding of the gun and the final force, as the two parts largely determine the initial speed of the javelin. The research methods: this paper, through the methods of literature, investigation and interview, the experiment method and other research methods, took the 8 men's javelin throwers before the National Track and Field Grand Prix in June 2016 as the research object, and carried out the fixed-point shooting of the javelin throwing process in the competition. The three-gun optimal data is selected as the study sample, and the last-force stage technique of the throwing process of the athlete is studied by using the three-dimensional image-capturing analysis method, and the kinematics parameters of the javelin throwing technique are obtained mainly by several important angles, height, speed and the like. The results of the study are as follows: Through the comparison and analysis of the different characteristics, the paper reveals the reasonable technological potential that can be found in the course of the main research object, and gives a relatively accurate result of the research. By summing up their technical features and comparing their related parameters with their own and foreign excellent male javelin athletes, the paper gives a theoretical reference for the improvement of the Chinese male javelin technology. The method and the method of the coach in the training of the javelin skill of the athletes are more reasonable, standardized and concretized, and the athletes can find out the problem of the motion technology of the coach by using the captured high-speed video, and further improve the technical action. The research conclusion: (1) The reasonable technical operation structure and technical characteristics of Chinese javelin elite male athletes can be represented by the kinematics parameters of Zhao Qinggang, although some athletes have problems in individual details, But the problem in detail is also a common problem in the Chinese men's javelin. (2) The variation of the movement parameters of the excellent male javelin throwers in China is small, and the good action technique has been basically formed, but it is generally lower than that of the world-class athletes in the numerical values such as the speed of the javelin, the height of the hand, etc. In which, there is a marked change in the data trend of the horse population. (3) In our country's athlete's own condition, this should have the following four step-up speed advantage but not show, so the speed is raised to above 8.0 m/ s is fully in full compliance with the possible conditions, the reason can be explained from two aspects: In addition, the speed capability of the athlete to be improved is also to be improved, which is the one hand, the action of the left side support of the special capability is completed under the condition of the high-speed running aid, and under the effect of the self-protection consciousness of the athlete, the speed of the running-aid speed is controlled and controlled, which is in turn the one hand. (4) In the two-step study, the phenomenon of prolonging and shortening the step amplitude of some athletes was found, and the relative decrease of the speed was proved. The reasons for these two cases were as follows: (1) the limited supporting force of some joints on the body, When the left support is in the abrupt stop stage, the displacement speed will lower the consciousness. During the process of the technology culture, the key to the technical details is correctly depicted and molded, but the lack of the application of the technology displacement speed leads to the unreasonable inertia action of the process. (5) The throwing-step behavior of the excellent male javelin throwers in China is close to that of the international excellent athletes. However, the step size in the throwing step of the first two steps is too large, the time occupation is much, and the advance acceleration can be adversely affected. The long average cross-step character, the short-time character of the step, causes the athlete's center of gravity to fluctuate greatly.
【学位授予单位】：西安体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G824.3

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