鄂西高山番茄产业发展及其品种筛选品种试验研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 22:43

本文关键词：鄂西高山番茄产业发展及其品种筛选品种试验研究　出处：《华中农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：高山蔬菜是指在海拔800m-1800m的自然环境条件下生产的蔬菜,具有适地适季的生产特点,相对于各大平原地区,高山蔬菜具有天然反季节、绿色无公害的优势。大规模发展高山蔬菜,既可以缓解城市蔬菜“秋淡伏缺”的现状,又可以为山区农民带来可观的经济效益。鄂西主要是指湖北省西南部的恩施土家族苗族自治州地区,该州耕地面积28.69万hm2,平均海拔1 000 m,73%以上处于高山地区,其中海拔1200m以上的高山地区占总面积的29.4%,海拔800m-1200m的二高山地区占总面积的43.6%,具有得天独厚的地理气候优势。近年来,当地农民在政府的积极引导下大力发展高山蔬菜种植,截止2013年,该地区高山蔬菜总面积达到5.8万hm2,番茄是该地栽培的主要蔬菜之一。高山番茄面积稳步增长,由2011年的3333.3hm2上升到2014年的4666.7hm2,但由于多种因素的制约,农民纯收入增加进入瓶颈时期。为了探究高山番茄生产、销售存在的问题,课题深入主要乡镇对高山番茄生产情况进行调研,以期为该地区高山番茄的持续健康发展提出可行性建议。同时,在不同海拔地区进行番茄品种的筛选比较试验,以期筛选出适合不同海拔地区种植的高山番茄品种。本研究的主要结果摘要如下:1恩施州高山番茄产区主要分布在海拔800m-1400m地区,不同番茄产区对品种商品性状的要求会有所差别,但是高产、抗病、硬度高是高山番茄品种的共性要求。经过综合比较,海拔1400m左右地区番茄生产的经济效益更高,最高时产投比达到1.95,主要是因为海拔1400m左右地区病害没有海拔800m左右地区严重。虽然番茄亩产投入成本较其他蔬菜高出很多,但由于番茄的亩产、价格均较高,因此农民种植意愿较大,可继续稳定发展种植面积,但应注意科学栽培,避免连作。2恩施州高山番茄生产面临的主要问题有:商品性状好、抗病性强特别是抗晚疫病的品种较少,农民在品种选择时空间小,种子成本较高;早、晚疫病严重,导致农药大量施用,且存在不科学施药的情况,食品安全隐患较大;番茄生产劳动力成本太高,严重影响农民纯收入;番茄市场价格波动太大,种植风险较大。3恩施州年均降雨量达1600mm-2000mm,空气湿度大,应大力推广避雨栽培,降低空气湿度,减少疫病发生率,稳定番茄生产市场,避免极端天气带来的毁灭性灾害。针对高山番茄品种选择空间小的问题,本课题在3个不同海拔高度地区进行了品种筛选试验。在海拔800m地区的试验中,从28个番茄组合中没有筛选出比当地主栽品种综合表现更优异的组合;在海拔1450m地区对新增的9个品种进行了试验,其中有两个品种表现出一定优势,但有待进一步试验。
[Abstract]:Mountain vegetables refers to the production at an altitude of 800m-1800m under the environment of the production characteristics of vegetables, with suitable season, compared to the Great Plains, mountain vegetables with natural season, green and pollution-free advantages. The large-scale development of mountain vegetables, not only can ease the situation of city vegetable "autumn light volt missing", it can bring considerable economic benefits for farmers in mountainous areas of Western Hubei. Mainly refers to the southwest of Hubei Province, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, the state land area of 286 thousand and 900 Hm2, with an average altitude of 1000 m, 73% more than in mountain areas, the mountains above 1200m accounted for 29.4% of the total area, the elevation of 800m-1200m two the mountain area, accounting for 43.6% of the total area, with geographical and climatic advantages richly endowed by nature. In recent years, local farmers in the positive guidance of the government to vigorously develop the high mountain vegetable planting, as of 2013, the area of high Mountain vegetables reached a total area of 58 thousand Hm2, tomato is one of the main vegetables cultivation. The alpine tomato area steadily increased from 3333.3hm2 in 2011 to 4666.7hm2 in 2014, but because of various factors, the net income of farmers increased into the bottleneck period. In order to explore the high mountain tomato production, sales of existing problems, the main topic in depth the investigation of Alpine tomato production, in order to put forward feasible suggestions for alpine tomato in the region sustainable development. At the same time, comparison test screening of Tomato Varieties in different altitude regions, in order to find out suitable for the cultivation of the alpine tomato varieties in different altitude regions. The main results of this study are as follows: 1 the state of Enshi mountain tomato growing areas are mainly distributed in the altitude region of 800m-1400m, different requirements for the varieties of tomato growing areas commodity properties will be different, but the high yield, disease resistance, hardness The high mountain is requirements of Tomato Varieties in common. After a comprehensive comparison, elevation of about 1400m area tomato production economic benefit is high, the highest ratio reached 1.95, mainly because the area around 1400m above sea level elevation of about 800m disease was not serious. Although the tomato yield area cost is much higher than other vegetables, but because of tomato mu, the price is higher, so the farmers planting willingness is larger, can continue to stable development of planting area, but should pay attention to scientific cultivation, to avoid major problems of continuous cropping.2 Enshi Alpine tomato production are: goods of good shape, strong resistance to disease, especially late blight resistant varieties less space in the selection of small farmers. The high cost of seed; early, late blight caused a lot of serious pesticide application, and there is no scientific control, big food safety risks; tomato production labor cost is too high, serious influence The net income of the farmers; tomato market price fluctuation is too large, large planting risk.3 of Enshi, with an average annual rainfall of up to 1600mm-2000mm, the air humidity is big, should vigorously promote the cultivation, reduce air humidity, reduce the incidence of disease, stable tomato production market, to avoid extreme weather devastating disasters. For alpine tomato varieties with small space selection the problem of screening test in the 3 varieties were highly in different altitude. At an altitude of 800m in the test area, from the 28 tomato combination no screening combination than local varieties with more excellent comprehensive performance; at an altitude of 1450m area were tested on 9 new varieties, including two varieties shows a certain advantage, but needs further testing.

【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S641.2

【参考文献】