美国生物技术产业发展的法律保障及其启示

发布时间：2018-01-03 00:20

本文关键词：美国生物技术产业发展的法律保障及其启示　出处：《学术研究》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：美国鼓励和支持生物技术产业的发展,同时鼓励科技创新和技术转让、确保充足的技术研发投入、保护知识产权,促进了生物技术产业发展。根据《生物技术管理协调框架》,美国在既有法律体系之下建立了以产品为基础的生物安全管理法律体系,以防范生物技术产业可能产生的风险。农业部动植物检疫局、环境保护局、食品与药品管理局是主要的安全管理机关。美国生物技术产业发展法律保障的理念是平衡安全和效率,其监管方式灵活开放。加强生物技术产业管理机关的协调性、生物技术产业的发展要以安全性为基础、科学全面地进行生物安全评价、加强批后监管,这是美国生物技术产业发展法律保障的启示。
[Abstract]:The United States encourages and supports the development of the biotechnology industry, while encouraging scientific, technological innovation and technology transfer, ensuring adequate investment in technology research and development and protecting intellectual property rights. In accordance with the Framework for Coordination of Biotechnology Management, the United States has established a product-based legal system for biosafety management under the existing legal system. To guard against possible risks in the biotechnology industry. Animal and Plant Quarantine Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture, Environmental Protection Agency. The Food and Drug Administration is the main safety authority. The legal guarantee for the development of the biotechnology industry in the United States is to balance safety and efficiency. The mode of supervision is flexible and open. To strengthen the coordination of the management organs of biotechnology industry, the development of biotechnology industry should be based on safety, scientific and comprehensive biosafety evaluation, and strengthen post-approval supervision. This is the enlightenment of the legal guarantee of the development of the biotechnology industry in the United States.
【作者单位】：武汉大学环境法研究所;荷兰马斯特里赫特大学法学院;
【分类号】：D912.1
【正文快照】： 生物技术具有广阔的发展前景,它不仅能够发展生物新能源、减轻环保压力,还可以提高农业生产效率,使美国在国际贸易中占据优势。美国并非玉米、棉花、大豆等作物的原产地,但在转基因作物推广种植之后,借着领先技术和完善的专利保护制度,美国转基因作物相对于别国作物的生产成本

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