中国省际环境治理的有效性及影响因素分析

发布时间：2018-01-05 23:12

  本文关键词：中国省际环境治理的有效性及影响因素分析　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 环境治理 有效性 影响因素 政策强度 方向距离函数

【摘要】：伴随着我国经济的高速发展,日益严峻的环境问题也越来越突出。国家和政府对环境治理的重视程度越来越高,但是,我国在环境治理方面的投入和能力不断加强,然而,中国的环境治理状况却并没有得到人们所希望的好转,环境状况依然严峻。因此,对于环境治理的有效性研究就显得特别重要。另外,国家对环境治理特别重视,一个重要的表现就是相关环保政策的出台,环保政策的出台对环境治理有效性有怎样的影响,是否有其他因素也会影响环境治理的有效性,这也是本文的另一个重要议题。为了度量环境治理的有效性,本文根据生产函数理论,将中国每个省级行政单位的环境治理系统看作一个生产单元,以《中国统计年鉴》、《中国环境统计年鉴》、《中国工业统计年鉴》、《中国能源统计年鉴》及《中国科技统计年鉴》2006--2013年的相关统计资料作为数据来源,以环境治理总投资额、当前的二氧化碳排放量、化学需氧量排放量、工业固体废弃物排放量作为投入变量,以单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放下降水平、单位国内生产总值COD排放下降水平、单位工业总产值工业固体废弃物排放下降水平作为产出变量,利用方向性距离函数测算30个省级行政单位的环境治理相对有效性,并利用窗口DEA方法测算环境治理投入是否存在滞后性。研究发现:不同省份之间的环境治理有效性有差异,海南省、青海省和北京市在不同的年份都达到过生产前沿,山东、江苏、河北、广东等地区环境治理有效性最低。东、中、西部地区的环境治理有效性也存在差异,呈现西部地区最好,东部地区次之,中部地区最差的特征。全国总体的环境治理有效性随时间推移大致呈上升趋势,东部地区尤为名明显。环境治理投入的滞后效应存在,但并不显著,且对于区域差异和时间趋势并没有明显影响。为了研究环境治理有效性的影响因素,本文以环境治理有效性相关指标作为被解释变量,以政策强度、人口密度、人均GDP、第二产业比重、大中型企业科研经费占主营业务收入比重、非国有企业产值占工业总产值比重六项影响因素作为被解释变量,利用面板数据回归模型和Tobit回归模型进行分析。结果发现第二产业比重、非国有企业占比和政策强度因素与环境治理有效性呈显著负相关,影响程度最高的是政策强度,第二产业比重次之,最后是非国企占比。研究表明:国家政策的制定并非越强越好,而是应该在强制节能减排之外寻求其他更合理的方法和策略,调整产业机构,降低重工业比重也很重要。个别模型证明人均GDP与环境治理有效性有显著正向相关关系。“十一五”阶段影响因素分析结果与总体保持一致,“十二五”阶段非国有企业占比的负向影响已不显著。这说明随着市场化的提升,更多的企业主动参与到环境保护中,是企业环保责任意识提升的表现。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of our economy, the increasingly serious environmental problems are becoming more and more prominent. The state and government pay more and more attention to environmental governance, but. China's investment and ability in environmental governance has been strengthened, however, the situation of environmental governance in China has not been improved as expected, and the environmental situation is still grim. For the effectiveness of environmental governance research is particularly important. In addition, the country pays special attention to environmental governance, an important performance is the introduction of relevant environmental protection policies. The introduction of environmental policies on the effectiveness of environmental governance, whether there are other factors will also affect the effectiveness of environmental governance, which is another important issue in this paper. In order to measure the effectiveness of environmental governance. According to the theory of production function, this paper regards the environmental governance system of every provincial administrative unit in China as a production unit, taking the Statistical Yearbook of China, the Yearbook of Environment Statistics of China, and the Yearbook of China Industry Statistics as a production unit. "China Energy Statistics Yearbook" and "China Science and Technology Statistics Yearbook" 2006-2013 related statistical data as a data source, with the total investment in environmental governance, current carbon dioxide emissions. Chemical oxygen demand emissions, industrial solid waste emissions as input variables, carbon dioxide emissions per unit of gross domestic product (GDP) to reduce the level of carbon dioxide emissions per unit of gross domestic product (COD) emission reduction level. As a output variable, the reduction level of industrial solid waste emissions per unit of total industrial output value is used to calculate the relative effectiveness of environmental governance of 30 provincial administrative units by using directional distance function. And the use of window DEA method to estimate whether there is lag in environmental governance input. The study found: there are differences in the effectiveness of environmental governance among different provinces, Hainan Province. Qinghai province and Beijing have reached the production front in different years, Shandong, Jiangsu, Hebei, Guangdong and other regions have the lowest environmental governance effectiveness. The western region is the best, the eastern region is the second, and the central region is the worst feature. The overall environmental governance effectiveness of the whole country is on the rise with the passage of time. The eastern region is especially famous. The lag effect of environmental governance investment exists, but it is not significant, and it has no obvious influence on regional differences and time trend. In order to study the influence factors of environmental governance effectiveness. This paper takes the related indicators of environmental governance effectiveness as the explanatory variables, with the policy intensity, population density, per capita GDP, secondary industry proportion, large and medium-sized enterprises scientific research funds account for the proportion of the main business income. Six factors affecting the proportion of output value in industrial output value of non-state-owned enterprises as explained variables are analyzed by panel data regression model and Tobit regression model. The results show that the secondary industry proportion. The proportion of non-state-owned enterprises and the factors of policy intensity are significantly negative correlation with the effectiveness of environmental governance, the highest degree of influence is the policy intensity, followed by the proportion of the secondary industry. Finally, the proportion of non-state-owned enterprises. The study shows that the formulation of national policies is not the stronger the better, but should seek other more reasonable methods and strategies in addition to compulsory energy saving and emission reduction, and adjust industrial institutions. It is also important to reduce the proportion of heavy industry. Individual models prove that there is a significant positive correlation between GDP per capita and the effectiveness of environmental governance. The negative influence of the proportion of non-state-owned enterprises in the 12th Five-Year Plan period has not been significant, which shows that with the promotion of marketization, more enterprises actively participate in environmental protection, which is the performance of raising the awareness of environmental protection responsibility of enterprises.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X321
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本文编号：1385254