劳动力价格扭曲对产业结构升级的影响研究

发布时间：2018-01-22 21:44

本文关键词： 劳动力价格扭曲产业结构高级化产业结构合理化固定效应模型　出处：《浙江财经大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国经济发展逐渐趋缓,粗放型增长方式的弊端日益显现,环境恶化、产品附加值低、贫富差距变大、产业结构不合理、产能过剩等问题也不断出现。为了推进我国经济的高质量、稳定、可持续发展,经济转型成为当前发展的重中之重。产业结构升级是经济转型的重要组成部分,也是我国经济转型升级成败的关键之所在。因此,研究产业结构升级具有重要的理论价值和现实意义,而生产要素是否达到最优配置是产业结构升级能否顺利进行的决定性因素。在完全竞争的市场体系下,价格能够准确的反映生产要素的稀缺程度,然而,当要素价格发生扭曲时,则不能真实的反映其稀缺程度,导致生产要素不能得到最优的配置,从而导致企业效率低下,产业结构不合理。其中,劳动力是企业生产过程中必备的基本要素,在产业结构升级中起着基础性的作用,主要体现在劳动力价格即工资的变动将会从多维度影响企业投入决策的变化,从而影响企业技术创新投入的变化,最终影响产业结构的变化。本文首先对国内外学者关于劳动力价格扭曲和产业结构升级的相关理论文献进行整理归纳,在此基础上提炼出我国劳动力价格扭曲的成因。其次,运用CD生产函数法测度了我国1990-2014年29个省市劳动力价格的扭曲程度以及根据第三产业产值与第二产业产值的比重和泰尔指数的倒数测度了产业结构高级化程度和合理化程度。然后理论分析了劳动力价格扭曲对产业结构升级的影响,并在此基础上利用我国1990-2014年29个省市的面板数据通过固定效应模型实证研究了劳动力价格扭曲对产业结构升级的影响。最后,根据前文的分析以及实证结果提出可操作性的相关对策建议,以期能够为我国产业结构升级和经济高质稳定发展提供可参考的决策支持,从而促进我国产业结构的升级以及经济的合理平稳发展。本文的主要研究结论如下:第一,劳动力价格扭曲的成因主要包括三个方面:一是我国过去几十年城乡二元的户籍制度留下的后遗症;二是企业所有制不同导致的同工不同酬;三是劳动力供需不均衡。第二,各地区普遍存在劳动力价格负向扭曲的现象且有上升的趋势。第三,产业结构合理化和高级化程度偏低,分地区来看,除了北京、上海的产业结构水平较高且上升幅度较大外,其他地区相对较低且上升速度比较缓慢。第四,理论分析表明劳动力价格扭曲会产生创新抑制效应、需求抑制效应、资源错配效应、过度投资效应和贸易恶化效应,进而导致产业结构升级受阻;实证研究证实了无论是就全国范围而言还是分地区来看劳动力价格扭曲都对产业结构的高级化和合理化产生显著的抑制作用,阻碍产业结构升级。本文根据分析结果给出相关政策建议:(1)完善劳动力市场,优化要素配置效率:促进劳动力市场一体化,消除市场分割;完善社会保障制度,加快劳动力自由流动;加强人力资本投入,改善就业结构。(2)促进一二三产业协调发展,提升产业结构合理化和高级化程度:大力发展服务业,加强服务业对一二产业的支持力度;优化制造业内部结构,促进制造业转型升级;完善现代农业产业体系,促使农业向产业化、信息化发展。本文基于现有的相关研究,尝试从新的角度即劳动力价格扭曲角度来研究我国产业结构升级问题,结合我国1990-2014年的省际面板数据采用固定效应模型实证分析方法研究劳动力价格扭曲对产业结构升级的影响,并结合定性和定量研究方法分析了我国劳动力价格扭曲和产业结构的现状。最后提出相关政策建议,在一定程度上丰富了产业结构和要素扭曲领域的研究,同时,针对劳动力价格扭曲对产业结构升级的影响提出相关政策建议,这对促进我国产业结构升级以及经济转型具有较强的实用价值。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's economic development has slowed down, disadvantages of the extensive mode of growth is more and more obvious, the deterioration of the environment, low value-added products, increases the gap between rich and poor, irrational industrial structure, overcapacity problems also appear constantly. In order to promote the high quality, the stability of our economy, sustainable development, economic transformation has become the most the weight of the current development. The upgrading of the industrial structure is an important part of economic restructuring, China's economic transformation and upgrading of the success or failure of the key. Therefore, research on the upgrading of industrial structure has important theoretical value and practical significance, and achieve the optimal allocation of production factors is a decisive factor for the upgrading of the industrial structure smoothly. In full the competitive market system, the price can reflect the degree of scarcity of production factors however, accurate, when the factor price distortions, it cannot reflect its scarcity, Factors of production can not be optimal configuration, resulting in low efficiency of enterprises, the industrial structure is not reasonable. The labor force is the essential factors for the enterprise in the production process, plays a basic role in the upgrading of industrial structure, mainly reflecting the impact of changes in enterprise investment decision from multi dimensions in the price of labor wages will change thus, changes in enterprise technology innovation investment, and ultimately affect the change of industrial structure. Based on the domestic and foreign scholars related literature on the upgrading of industrial structure and labor price distortion in summary abstractsthe causes of China's labor price distortion. Secondly, using the CD production function to measure in China the distortion degree of 1990-2014 years in 29 provinces according to the labor price and the output of the third industry and the second industry output value and the proportion of the Theil index fell The number to measure the industrial structure level and reasonable degree. Then the paper analyzes the labor price distortion effect on the upgrading of the industrial structure, and on the basis of the fixed effect model empirical research on labor price distortion effect on the upgrading of the industrial structure of our country by using the panel data of 29 provinces during 1990-2014. Finally, according to the above analysis of empirical results and put forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions of operation, in order to provide decision support for the upgrading of the industrial structure of our country economy and the development of high quality and stability, so as to promote the rational and stable development of China's industrial structure upgrading and economic. The main conclusions are as follows: first, the causes of labor price distortion mainly includes three aspects: one is to stay in China over the past few decades two yuan in urban and rural areas of the household registration system sequela; two is the enterprise ownership of different causes The equal pay for equal work; three is the labor supply and demand imbalance. Second, the widespread negative labor price distortions and a rising trend. Third, the rationalization of industrial structure and the level is low, the area of view, in addition to Beijing, the relatively high level of industrial structure of Shanghai and the rise is expected the other area is relatively low and the rate of increase is relatively slow. Fourth. Theoretical analysis shows that the labor price distortion will generate innovation inhibition effect, demand the inhibition effect, the mismatch of resources effect, excessive investment and trade deterioration effect, which led to the upgrading of the industrial structure is blocked; empirical research confirmed that either nationally or regionally the labor price distortions are advanced and rationalization of industrial structure has significant inhibitory effect, hinder the upgrading of industrial structure. According to the analysis results to the relevant policy Suggestions: (1) improve the labor market, optimize the allocation efficiency: promote the labor market integration, eliminate market segmentation; improve the social security system, accelerate the free flow of labor; strengthen human capital investment, improve the employment structure. (2) to promote the coordinated development of the 123 industry, upgrading the industrial structure rationalization and senior level: develop the service industry, to strengthen the one or two industry support services; optimization of manufacturing industry internal structure, promote the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry; improve the modern agriculture industry system, to promote agricultural industrialization, the development of information technology. In this paper, based on the existing related research, attempts from the new perspective of labor price distortion angle to study the industry of our country the upgrading of the structure, combined with China's inter provincial panel data from 1990-2014 using fixed effect model empirical analysis of labor price distortions on the upgrading of the industrial structure. Ring, and the combination of qualitative and quantitative research method to analyze the status quo of China's labor price distortion and the industrial structure. Finally puts forward relevant policy suggestions, at the same time, rich in a certain degree of industrial structure and the factor distortion field, according to the labor price distortion and puts forward relevant policy suggestions on the upgrading of the industrial structure, promote the upgrading of China's industrial structure and economic transformation has a strong practical value.

【学位授予单位】：浙江财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F121.3;F249.2

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