全球价值链下的垂直专业化与产业升级

发布时间：2018-02-23 18:25

本文关键词： 全球价值链垂直专业化出口技术含量产业升级　出处：《南京大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自加入WTO以来,中国不断融入国际分工体系,贸易规模取得了“爆发式”增长。2013年,中国货物贸易进出口总额达到4.16万亿美元,占世界货物贸易总额的11.5%,首次超越美国成为全球货物贸易第一大国,并成为全球第一个突破4万亿美元的国家。但在当前全球价值链分工的背景下,各国通过比较优势参与产品生产的各个环节,发展中国家大力开展“进口换出口”的贸易模式。因此,贸易数量的增长不能真实反应一国在国际分工体系的地位,更不能说明一国的出口产业在价值链分工中实现了产业升级。本文首先利用贸易统计数据,分析了中国在2001-2013年的贸易规模、贸易结构的发展状况。然后,在全球价值链的分析框架内,在投入-产出表的基础上,采用改进的HIY方法测算了中国2001-2011年的一般贸易、加工贸易和总贸易的垂直专业化水平。并利用剥离了进口技术含量后的出口产品技术含量指标衡量了中国在2001-2011年出口产业升级状况。最后,利用2001-2011年各行业面板数据,实证检验了利用一般贸易和加工贸易的方式参与垂直专业化分工对中国产业价值链升级的影响。通过上述研究,本文发现中国目前的贸易产业结构虽以技术密集型产业为主,但技术密集型产业的贸易中中间品贸易比例较大。中国整体垂直专业化水平较高,但行业差异较大,其中,技术密集型产业,如通信设备等的垂直专业化水平较高,资本密集型产业,如石油化工的垂直专业化水平居中,劳动密集型产业,如纺织业的垂直专业化水平较低。劳动密集型产业出口产品国内技术含量高于技术密集型产业,且增长速度快于技术密集型产品。实证检验发现：过10多年来,中国参与全球价值链分工促进了中国的产业升级,但以一般贸易参与垂直专业分工与以加工贸易参与垂直专业化分工将产生不同的影响。以一般贸易参与国际贸易分工,有利于产业升级,而以加工贸易参与价值链分工,不但不能促进产业升级,反而有可能使中国陷入“比较优势陷阱”,长期被锁定在价值链的低端环节。基于测算和实证的研究结论,本文从改变贸易方式参与价值链分工,改善国内制度环境等5个方面提出了促进产业升级的政策性建议,
[Abstract]:Since China joined the WTO, China has continuously integrated into the international division of labor system, and the scale of its trade has achieved a "explosive" growth. In 2013, the total import and export volume of China's trade in goods reached 4.16 tillion US dollars. For the first time, 11.5 percent of the world's total trade in goods overtook the United States as the world's largest country in trade in goods, and became the first country in the world to break through $4 tillion. But in the context of the current division of labor in global value chains, Each country participates in each link of product production through comparative advantage, developing country develops the trade pattern of "import for export" energetically. Therefore, the increase of trade quantity cannot truly reflect a country's position in the international division of labor system. It can not be explained that a country's export industry has achieved industrial upgrading in the division of labor in the value chain. Firstly, using trade statistics, this paper analyzes the scale of trade and the development of trade structure in China from 2001 to 2013. Then, In the framework of global value chain analysis and on the basis of input-output table, this paper uses the improved HIY method to measure China's general trade from 2001 to 2011. The vertical specialization level of processing trade and total trade. The upgrading of China's export industry in 2001-2011 is measured by using the technical content index of export products after stripping off the import technology content. Finally, the panel data of various industries in 2001-2011 are used to measure the upgrading of China's export industry. This paper empirically examines the impact of vertical specialization on the upgrading of China's industrial value chain by means of general trade and processing trade. Through the above studies, this paper finds that the current structure of China's trade industry is dominated by technology-intensive industries. However, the proportion of intermediate goods in the trade of technology-intensive industries is large. China's overall vertical specialization level is relatively high, but the industry differences are great. Among them, the level of vertical specialization in technology-intensive industries, such as communications equipment, is relatively high. The vertical specialization level of capital-intensive industries, such as petrochemical industry, is in the middle, while that of labor-intensive industries, such as textile industry, is lower. The domestic technology content of labor-intensive industries exports is higher than that of technology-intensive industries. Empirical tests show that China's participation in the global value chain division of labor has promoted China's industrial upgrading in more than a decade. However, taking part in vertical division of labor with general trade and vertical division of labor with processing trade will have different effects. Participation of general trade in division of labor in international trade is beneficial to industrial upgrading, and participation in division of value chain by processing trade. Instead of promoting industrial upgrading, China is likely to fall into the "comparative advantage trap" and be locked in the low end of the value chain for a long time. Based on the results of measurement and empirical research, this paper takes part in the division of labor in the value chain by changing the trade mode. Five aspects, such as improving the domestic institutional environment, put forward some policy suggestions to promote industrial upgrading.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F752

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