中国高新技术产业园区生态化改造研究

发布时间：2018-06-12 12:09

  本文选题：高新区 + 生态化改造　； 参考：《江西财经大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：人类的生存和发展可以看作是一个庞大的综合性的系统工程,经济、环境、资源等都是这个系统中的子系统。任何时候,经济发展都要受到环境、资源系统的制约。人类社会数千年特别是近百年来的掠夺式发展对环境与资源造成了不可弥补的伤害,导致21世纪人类面临资源短缺、环境恶化和生态失衡等危机,促使人们开始检讨和反思经济增长的传统发展模式。循环经济是人类文明进步和经济社会发展到一定历史阶段的必然产物,是可持续发展的重要途径。循环经济分为三个层面,即微观层面(企业)、中观层面(工业园区)和宏观层面(区域、国家)。中观层面即以循环经济理论和工业生态学理论为基础的生态工业园区的建设在其中居于重要地位,起着承上启下的作用。中国高新技术产业园区(以下简称"高新区")是中国工业园区(?)重要组成部分,也是我国高新技术产业发展的重要基地。虽然高新区已取得巨大成(?)，对当地经济社会发展做出了重大贡献,但也要看到,目前,绝大多数高新区总(?)发展水平不高,产业聚集不够,生态化水平不高。虽然高新区重点发展的是高新技(?)产业,但高新技术企业同样会有污染,而且一些高科技污染或许会以更隐蔽的方(?)对生态环境产生更为严重的影响,是污染的更高形式。因此,高新区生态化改造有着更为重要的意义。本文采用探索式案例与理论假设、规范研究与实证研究、定性研究与定量研究相结合的研究方法,在总结前人研究的基础上,针对我国高新区发展的实际,遵循"探索性案例研究——生态化改造的理论分析——初始假设性命题——生态化改造的主要因素——评价变量指标——评价指标体系——评价回归模型——实证分析"的研究思路,对高新区生态化改造进行研究,研究从以下几个方面展开:(1)第一章是导论。介绍了本文研究的背景和意义,以及研究思路、框架和可能的创新之处。建设生态文明是我国发展转型的战略选择,进行生态化改造是高新区发展的必然趋势,衡量高新区生态化改造水平亟需一套科学合理的评价指标体系,本文的研究将丰富循环经济和生态工业园区理论,促进综合评价理论和方法的研究,有利于指导我国高新区进行生态化改造,促进我国不同类型生态工业园的建设与管理。本章提出了本文的核心观点,即:中国高新技术产业园区生态化改造是以企业和园区为二元主体(企业是主体,园区管理部门是主导),以投入(高新技术污染治理、产业共生与循环、高新技术产业发展)和产出(生态化改造效益和满意度)为作用机制。(2)第二章是文献回顾和述评。首先对高新技术产业园区和产业演进相关理论进行了回顾,通过梳理高新技术产业和高新技术产业园区的涵义,特别是高新技术产业园区的环境污染问题,发现高新技术产业污染通常被忽视,高新技术产业园区生态化改造未引起足够的重视;通过研究产业演进理论可以看出,从传统制造产业到高新技术产业再到产业生态化,是产业演进的基本规律,得到研究高新技术产业园区生态化改造的有价值的观点。同时,对生态工业园的相关理论进行了综述,包括生态工业园的内涵、理论基础、动力机制、发展模式、发展现状等,通过总结生态工业园在园区生态化改造方面的理论贡献,提出综合高新技术产业园区、产业演进和生态工业园相关理论,构建中国高新技术产业园区生态化改造理论,作为本文的基本理论视角。其后,对国家、地方、文献中的生态工业园综合评价体系进行了回顾。最后,对高新区生态化改造的相关研究进行了文献梳理。综合现有文献存在的空白,发现本研究的切入点。(3)第三章是高新区生态化改造的探索式案例研究及理论分析。高新区生态化改造既与普通工业园区生态化改造有相同之处.又因其主要发展高新技术产业而需治理高新技术污染而有特殊之处,尤其是对实现产业共生与循环,即高新技术产业生态链建设要高度关注。通过研究我国高新技术产业园区的发展现状和发展特点,并选取三个典型高新区样本——南昌高新区、合肥高新区、西安高新区,对它们进行生态化改造的具体案例进行探索式分析,找出其共性,通过上述案例研究,得出高新区生态化改造初步的理论判断,即高新技术污染治理是关键,产业共生与循环是核心,高新技术产业发展是支撑,企业是生态化改造的主体,园区管理部门是生态化改造的主导。根据这些理论判断,本文提出了17个假设命题,并构建了初始理论框架,同时分析了企业和园区管理部门进行生态化改造的成本和绩效无差异曲线,为构建高新区生态化改造评价体系奠定基础。(4)第四章是问卷调查和分析。为验证上章理论分析所提出的命题,本文采用问卷调查法,通过熟悉工业园区生态化改造的被调查者对假设命题的认同度来验证。首先对回收问卷的统计结果做一个简单的描述统计分析,并就其是否符合所对应的假设命题作一阐述。其次应用以灰色关联法对所列各项因素指标进行处理,以便探究前述问卷调查专家打分结果的具体情况,更好地将其归类,之后根据各问卷指标间的灰色关联系数将高新技术产业园区生态化改造影响因素划分为五大部分:高新技术污染治理部分、产业共生与循环部分、高新技术产业发展部分、生态化改造效益部分、生态化改造满意度部分,各部分皆有相对应的命题对应,以初步构建高新区生态化改造评价指标体系框架。(5)第五章是评价指标体系构建。构建高新区生态化改造评价指标体系是高新区生态化改造的重要指导。生态工业园子系统众多,层次结构错综复杂,关联关系纵横交错,要科学描述和定量评价高新区生态化改造的状况,必须建立由多个指标组成的指标体系。指标体系是对评价对象立体、全面、动态的反映,生态工业园是循环经济发展的重要载体,生态工业园既是一个经济系统,同时也是一个社会系统,因此高新区生态化改造评价在指标设计时应注重统筹长期目标与短期目标,遵循科学性与实用性原则、整体性与层次性原则、动态性与静态性原则,最终建设一个符合高新区产业发展特点的评价指标体系。根据上述原则,在初始理论框架的基础上,按照证实的理论命题,从国家指标、地方指标、文献指标三个方面遴选符合高新区生态化改造特征的指标,来构建一套简便科学的评价指标体系。该评价指标体系分为目标层、准则层、指标层三个层次。第一层是目标层,将高新区生态化改造水平的评价作为总体目标;第二层是准则层;第三层为指标层,将每个变量具体化为若干个指标,共计26个,其中统计定量指标25个,评估定量指标1个。选取定量指标主要考虑指标数据的可得性,尽量选取通用的统计指标;设计定性指标主要考虑能否反映高新区生态化改造的关键特征,是否具有代表性。该评价指标体系的设计思路,注重科学性与实用性结合,既注重生态工业园普遍性指标的设计,又兼顾高新区的特点,尤其突出了生态化特征,内在逻辑性得到加强。该指标体系既可为各高新区如何进行生态化改造提供改进的思路,又可衡量各高新区现在生态化改造的达标情况,能够全面、客观、系统地反映高新区生态化改造的状况。(6)第六章以评价指标体系为依据,通过从相关政府部门、数据库所得数据,以南昌、合肥、西安三地的高新技术园区为研究对象,以层次分析法建立数学模型,对三个园区生态化改造行为进行比较分析,得出三个高新区生态化改造的综合评价依次为合肥、西安、南昌。(7)第七章对南昌高新区生态化改造进行了深入分析和研究,指出其现状及不足,主要是生态产业链尚未建立起来,基于此,重点构建了航空航天、生物医药、电子信息、有色金属深加工、光机电一体化资等五大主导产业及资源综合利用生态产业链,并根据其现在存在的问题提出相应的政策建议,以期对南昌高新区生态化改造起到指导作用。在总结前人相关研究成果的基础上,本文对高新区生态化改造及其评价的研究有了一定的创新,主要的创新点在于:(1)从研究视角来看,现有生态工业园的建设及评价研究未考虑到高新区发展高新技术产业的特殊性,且主要局限于建设效果及其绩效评价,本文以高新区生态化改造作为特定研究对象,从企业和政府两个视角,对高新区生态化改造的主体因素和作用机制作了深入剖析,从而构建高新技术产业园区生态化改造理论,设计高新技术产业生态产业链,为高新区建设生态工业园提供借鉴和参考。(2)从研究范式来看,本文以典型高新区生态化改造作为探索性案例研究,通过探索性案例研究,提出初步理论判断并提出命题假设,然后以问卷调查实证对命题假设进行证实或证伪,据此设计高新区生态化改造评价指标体系,之后以层次分析法建立综合评价模型,并将前述三个典型高新区相关数据代入评价模型,作为解释性案例,并专门针对南昌高新区分析其生态化改造存在的问题,进而提出政策建议。上述环节环环相扣,紧密相联,不落俗套,脱离了以往生态工业园评价指标体系设计的窠臼。(3)从研究观点来看,本文以高新技术污染治理作为关键,以产业共生与循环作为核心,以高新技术产业发展作为支撑,以生态化改造效益和满意度作为评价尺度,构建了高新区生态化改造评价指标体系,以层次分析法构建评价模型,并通过实证研究,分析当前影响高新区建设生态工业园的重要因素,构建一套可操作性较强、反映高新区生态化改造鲜明特点的评价指标体系和评价模型,为科学评价高新区生态化改造及构建生态产业链提供有效的决策支持。高新技术产业园区生态化改造是一个包含复杂内容的系统工程研究,还有许多问题值得深入探讨,在理论和实践的很多方面还有待进一步展开研究。由于作者时间、自身水平及研究基础所限,本文不可避免地存在一定程度上的局限性与不足,主要有以下几个方面:(1)由于国家环保部尚未建立全国统一的生态工业园统计制度,信息不完全,导致收集各高新区生态化改造的相关数据难度很大,因此未能对目前已列入国家生态工业示范区的高新区生态化改造进行统一的量化评价并排序。(2)目前对高新区这一特殊区域生态化改造的关注度还不高,对高新技术产业所造成的污染如何进行治理还研究得不够深入,有待于今后结合不同的产业特点和生态工业园的要求进行进一步的研究。(3)对国外高新技术产业园区如何进行高新技术污染治理,通过顶层设计、制度激励、行政约束等手段来促进园区生态化改造没有涉及,有待于在今后的研究中日臻完善。(4)对南昌高新区生态产业链的设计,本文从主导产业生态化改造入手设计了生态产业链,如果能收集到其龙头企业的内部数据,运用具体数据深入研究其内部循环系统,并有针对性地提出改造建议则会使得研究更为完善,笔者曾经尝试这样做过,但企业在这方面数据不全,收集工作难以开展,有待于今后进一步加强这方面的研究。
[Abstract]:The survival and development of human beings can be regarded as a large and comprehensive system engineering. Economy, environment and resources are all subsystems of this system. At any time, the economic development must be restricted by the environment and the resource system. The predatory development of the human society for thousands of years, especially in the last hundred years, has caused the environment and resources to be impossible. In twenty-first Century, the human being faced with the crisis of shortage of resources, environmental deterioration and ecological imbalance caused people to begin to review and reflect on the traditional development model of economic growth in twenty-first Century. Circular economy is the inevitable product of human civilization progress and economic and social development to a certain historical stage. It is an important way of sustainable development. Three levels, namely, the micro level (enterprise), the middle level (Industrial Park) and the macro level (region, state). The middle level, that is, the construction of the eco industrial park, which is based on the theory of circular economy and the theory of industrial ecology, plays an important role. District ") is an important part of China's Industrial Park (?) and an important base for the development of high and new technology industry in China. Although the high and new zones have made great achievements, they have made great contributions to the local economic and social development, but we should also see that at present, most of the high and new zones have not high development level, lack of industrial agglomeration and low ecological level. But the high-tech zones focus on the high technology (?) industry, but the high and new technology enterprises will also have pollution, and some high-tech pollution may have more serious impact on the ecological environment with the more hidden side (?), which is a higher form of pollution. Therefore, the hi-tech zone transformation has a more important significance. This paper adopts an exploratory case. For example, theoretical hypothesis, normative research and empirical research, qualitative research and quantitative research, on the basis of summarizing the previous research, in view of the reality of the development of China's high and new zones, we follow the theoretical analysis of "exploratory case study" - the theoretical analysis of Ecological Transformation - the main factors of the initial hypothesis - the main factors of the ecological transformation The evaluation index system - Evaluation Index System - Evaluation regression model - Empirical Analysis of "research ideas, research on the ecological transformation of high and new zone, research from the following aspects: (1) the first chapter is introduction. It introduces the background and significance of this study, as well as the research ideas, framework and possible innovation. Ecological civilization is the strategic choice of China's development and transformation, and the ecological transformation is the inevitable trend of the development of the high and new zone. It is urgent to measure the level of the ecological transformation of the hi-tech zone with a set of scientific and reasonable evaluation index system. The research in this paper will enrich the theory of the circular economy and the eco industrial park, and promote the research on the theory and method of comprehensive evaluation. In order to guide the ecological transformation of China's hi-tech zones and promote the construction and management of different types of eco industrial parks in China, this chapter puts forward the core point of this article, that is, the ecological transformation of China's high-tech industrial park is based on enterprise and park as the main body of two yuan (enterprise is the main body, and the management department of the park is dominant), with the investment (high and new technology pollution). Dyeing and management, industrial symbiosis and circulation, high and new technology industry development) and output (ecological transformation benefit and satisfaction) are the mechanism of action. (2) the second chapter is the literature review and review. First, it reviews the related theories of high-tech industrial parks and industrial evolution, through combing the meaning of high and new technology industry and high and new technology industrial park. Especially the environmental pollution problem of high and New Technology Industrial Park, it is found that the pollution of high and new technology industry is usually neglected. The ecological transformation of high-tech industrial park has not been paid enough attention. Through the study of the theory of industrial evolution, it can be seen that the basic rules of industrial evolution are from traditional manufacturing industry to high-tech industry and then to industrial ecology. At the same time, the relevant theories of the eco industrial park are summarized, including the connotation, the theoretical foundation, the dynamic mechanism, the development model and the development status of the eco industrial park, and the theoretical contribution of the eco industrial park to the ecological transformation of the park is put forward. In this paper, the comprehensive evaluation system of the eco industrial park in the country, the local and the literature is reviewed. Finally, the relevant research on the ecological transformation of the high and new zone is carried out. The study has carried on the literature combing. The existing blank of existing literature is integrated, and the breakthrough point of this study is found. (3) the third chapter is the exploratory case study and theoretical analysis of the hi-tech zone's ecological transformation. The ecological transformation of the high and new zone has the same place as the ecological transformation of the ordinary industrial park. The new technology pollution has special features, especially for the realization of industrial symbiosis and circulation, that is, the construction of the high and new technology industry ecological chain. Through the study of the development status and characteristics of the high-tech industrial parks in China, three typical high-tech zones, the Nanchang high tech Zone, the Hefei hi-tech zone and the Xi'an Hi-tech Zone, are selected. The specific case of ecological transformation is carried out to find out its commonness and find out its commonness. Through the study of the above cases, the preliminary theoretical judgment of the ecological transformation of high and new zones is obtained, that is, the key to the treatment of high and new technology pollution, the core of the industrial symbiosis and circulation, the development of the high and new technology industry is the support, the enterprise is the main body of the ecological transformation and the management of the park. According to these theories, 17 hypotheses are put forward, and the initial theoretical framework is constructed. At the same time, the cost and performance of the ecological transformation of the enterprises and the management departments of the park are analyzed. (4) the fourth chapter is the questionnaire. In order to verify the proposition presented in the theoretical analysis of the chapter, this paper uses the questionnaire survey method to verify the identity of the hypothesis of the respondents who are familiar with the ecological transformation of the industrial park. First, a simple statistical analysis is made on the statistical results of the recycling questionnaire and whether it meets the corresponding hypothesis. Secondly, the application of grey correlation method is used to deal with the listed factors, so as to explore the specific situation of the results of the questionnaire survey experts, and classify them better. Then, according to the grey correlation coefficient between the indexes of each questionnaire, the factors of the ecological transformation of the high-tech Industrial Park are divided into five major parts: high The new technology pollution control part, the industrial symbiosis and the circulation part, the high and new technology industry development part, the ecological transformation benefit part, the ecological transformation satisfaction part, each part all have the corresponding proposition corresponding, in order to construct the hi-tech zone ecological transformation evaluation index system framework preliminarily. (5) the fifth chapter is the evaluation index system construction. The evaluation index system of ecological transformation in the new area is an important guide for the ecological transformation of the high and new zone. There are many eco industrial garden systems, the hierarchical structure is complex and the relation is crisscross. To scientifically describe and evaluate the situation of the ecological transformation of the high and new zone, the index system must be set up by several indexes. The ecological industrial park is an important carrier of the development of the circular economy. The eco industrial park is not only an economic system, but also a social system. Therefore, the evaluation of the ecological transformation of the hi-tech zone should pay attention to the long-term goal and short-term goal, and follow the principle of scientific and practical, and the whole of the index design. In accordance with the above principles, on the basis of the above principles, on the basis of the initial theoretical framework, according to the confirmed theoretical propositions, the characteristics of the ecological transformation characteristics of the high and new zones are selected from the three aspects of the national index, the local index and the document index. The evaluation index system is divided into three levels: target layer, standard layer and index layer. The first layer is the target layer, the evaluation of the ecological transformation level of the high and new zone is taken as the overall goal; the second layer is the standard layer; the third layer is the index layer, and each variable is concretely transformed into several indexes. A total of 26, including 25 statistical quantitative indicators and 1 quantitative indicators. The selection of quantitative indexes mainly consider the availability of the index data and try to select general statistical indicators. The design qualitative indicators mainly consider whether the key characteristics of the ecological transformation of the high and new zone can be reflected, and whether it is representative. Combining the importance of science and practicality, we not only pay attention to the design of the universal index of the eco industrial park, but also take into account the characteristics of the high and new zones, especially the ecological characteristics and the internal logic. This index system can not only provide an improved idea for the ecological transformation of the high and new zones, but also measure the ecological transformation of the high and new zones. The situation of reaching the standard can comprehensively, objectively and systematically reflect the situation of the ecological transformation of the high and new zones. (6) the sixth chapter, based on the evaluation index system, through the relevant government departments, the data obtained from the database, and the high-tech park of Nanchang, Hefei and Xi'an, is the research object, the mathematical model is established by the analytic hierarchy process, and the three parks are born. It is concluded that the comprehensive evaluation of the ecological transformation of the three hi-tech zones is in turn in Hefei, Xi'an and Nanchang. (7) the seventh chapter of the ecological transformation of Nanchang Hi-tech Zone has been analyzed and studied deeply. It is pointed out that the current situation and lack of the ecological industry chain has not been established. Based on this, the emphasis is put on the construction of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Five leading industries and resources, such as biomedicine, electronic information, deep processing of nonferrous metals, and integration of light mechatronics, are the five leading industries and resources to make comprehensive use of the ecological industry chain. According to the existing problems, the corresponding policy suggestions are put forward in order to guide the ecological transformation of Nanchang hi-tech zones. There are some innovations in the research on the ecological transformation and evaluation of hi-tech zones. The main innovation points are as follows: (1) from the perspective of research, the research on the construction and evaluation of the existing eco industrial parks does not take into account the particularity of the high and new technology industry in the development of hi-tech zones, and it is mainly limited to the construction effect and its performance evaluation. This article is based on the ecological development of the high and new zones. As a specific research object, the reform is made from two perspectives of the enterprise and the government to make an in-depth analysis of the main factors and the mechanism of the ecological transformation of the hi-tech zones. Thus, the theory of the ecological transformation of the high-tech industrial park is constructed and the ecological industrial chain of the high-tech industry is designed to provide reference and reference for the construction of the eco industrial park in the high and new zones. (2) According to the research paradigm, this paper takes the ecological transformation of the typical high-tech zone as an exploratory case study. Through the exploratory case study, we put forward the preliminary theoretical judgment and put forward the proposition hypothesis, and then use the questionnaire to prove or falsify the proposition hypothesis, and then design the evaluation index system for the ecological transformation of the high and new zone. A comprehensive evaluation model is set up, and the related data of the three typical high and new zones are replaced in the evaluation model as an explanatory case, and the problems existing in the ecological transformation of the Nanchang high tech Zone are analyzed, and then the policy suggestions are put forward. The links are linked together, closely linked and unconventional, and are separated from the evaluation of the former eco industrial park. (3) from the research point of view, this paper takes the high and new technology pollution control as the key, takes the industrial symbiosis and circulation as the core, takes the development of the high and new technology industry as the support, and takes the ecological transformation benefit and satisfaction as the evaluation scale, and constructs the evaluation index system of the ecological transformation of the hi-tech zone. This paper constructs an evaluation model and analyzes the important factors affecting the construction of eco industrial parks in the new high-tech zones by empirical research, and constructs a set of evaluation models.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F276.44
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本文编号：2009624