专业化、相关多样化与企业成本加成——检验产业集聚外部性的一个新视角

发布时间：2018-07-01 20:09

  本文选题：产业集聚 + 专业化　； 参考：《经济学动态》2017年10期

【摘要】：本文指出了现有检验产业集聚外部性研究中存在的若干不足,并在两个方面进行改进:首先,在专业化集聚的基础上,借鉴演化经济地理学的方法,引进"相关多样化"概念,将其区分为水平多样化和垂直多样化,来考察产业集聚的形态;其次,采用实证产业组织的新方法,准确测算了企业层面的成本加成,从成本加成决定机制的角度检验产业集聚影响企业生产效率和市场表现的渠道。研究发现:垂直多样化通过降低边际成本和提高价格水平两个渠道,显著提高了企业成本加成;水平多样化也提高了企业生产率,但相似产品的竞争导致企业定价水平降低,抵消了"溢出效应"的正效应,对成本加成的总体影响不显著;专业化集聚不利于生产率提高,也阻碍了价格水平的提高,降低了成本加成。本文的政策含义在于,单纯追求同类行业集群发展的战略可能导致过高的专业化水平,强化了"拥挤效应"和"竞争效应",弱化了多样化集聚的溢出效应。为促进企业从集聚经济中获得最大化的正向溢出,需要更加注重产业间的技术关联和协同发展。在开发区战略和产业政策的目标由数量增长向质量提升转变的背景下,尤其需要利用产业集聚的正向溢出效应,提升产业的核心竞争力。
[Abstract]:This paper points out some shortcomings existing in the research on the externality of industrial agglomeration, and improves it in two aspects: firstly, on the basis of specialized agglomeration, the concept of "relevant diversification" is introduced on the basis of the method of evolutionary economic geography. It is divided into horizontal diversification and vertical diversification to investigate the form of industrial agglomeration. Secondly, the cost addition at the enterprise level is accurately calculated by using the new method of empirical industrial organization. From the point of view of cost addition decision mechanism, this paper examines the channels of industrial agglomeration that affect the production efficiency and market performance of enterprises. It is found that vertical diversification increases enterprise cost significantly by reducing marginal cost and increasing price level, and horizontal diversification also increases enterprise productivity, but competition of similar products leads to lower enterprise pricing level. The positive effect of "spillover effect" is counteracted, and the overall effect on cost addition is not significant, while specialized agglomeration is not conducive to the increase of productivity, hinders the improvement of price level, and reduces the cost addition. The policy implication of this paper is that the strategy of pursuing the development of similar industry clusters may lead to excessive specialization, strengthen the "crowding effect" and "competitive effect", and weaken the spillover effect of diversification agglomeration. In order to promote the enterprises to obtain the maximum positive spillover from the agglomeration economy, it is necessary to pay more attention to the technology connection and cooperative development between industries. Under the background that the target of development zone strategy and industrial policy changes from quantity growth to quality improvement, it is especially necessary to utilize the positive spillover effect of industrial agglomeration to enhance the core competitiveness of industry.
【作者单位】： 暨南大学产业经济研究院;
【基金】：国家自科基金重点项目“推动经济发达地区产业转型升级的机制与政策研究”(71333007)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：F121.3
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本文编号：2089017