广州市水稻种植现状与发展对策

发布时间：2018-09-19 20:27

【摘要】：广东省是我国主要的水稻种植区之一,属于全国13个粮食主产省份之一。广东省自然资源丰富,生态环境优良,光照充足,雨水丰富,适宜双季稻的种植,是我国稻米生产的主产区。其中广州市独特的地理及气候优势,有利于成为农作物的优势产出区。目前,广州市耕地面积逐渐减少,第一产业对地区生产总值的贡献率远低于第二与第三产业。第一产业急需转变与发展,特别是作为主要粮食作物的水稻。近年来,由于农民追求经济效益,水稻种植面积减少,蔬果种植面积增加,导致水稻总产量逐年下降。本文通过查阅广州统计信息网数据,分析了广州市水稻种植的现状。结果表明,近年来广州市水稻耕地面积和稻谷产量开始下降,从2010~2015年分别下降了5.07%和9.09%,播种面积从2012~2015年下降了4.85%。虽然政府部门通过各种手段扩大耕地面积,但是广州市每年减少的耕地面积都比当年增加的耕地面积多,2012年耕地减少面积是增加面积的2倍,2013年、2014年和2015年分别达到了6.6倍、11.3倍和11.6倍。广州市注重城市化发展,对第一产业的发展重视不够。2010~2015年第一产业的生产总值贡献率依次降低,2010~2015年第一产业贡献率均未超过0.4%。同时广州市水稻生产还存在一些问题和不足:(1)农田基础条件差;(2)稻谷产量和品质低下;(3)生产投入不足;(4)农田环境恶化。本文通过对广州市水稻种植现状进行分析,并与当地实际情况相结合,剖析水稻发展中存在的问题,探讨改善当前水稻种植现状的对策,加快当地第一产业的发展,提高农民种植水稻的积极性,提高稻谷产量和品质,为水稻高产优质栽培提供较好的实践指导意义。
[Abstract]:Guangdong Province is one of the main rice growing areas in China, belonging to one of the 13 major grain production provinces. Guangdong Province is rich in natural resources, good ecological environment, sufficient light, rich Rain Water, suitable for the cultivation of double cropping rice, and is the main rice production area in China. Among them, Guangzhou has unique geographical and climatic advantages, which is favorable for crop production. At present, the cultivated land area in Guangzhou decreases gradually, and the contribution rate of the primary industry to the regional GDP is much lower than that of the secondary and tertiary industries. The primary industry is in urgent need of transformation and development, especially rice as the main food crop. In recent years, due to the farmers' pursuit of economic benefits, the rice planting area decreased, and the fruit and vegetable planting area increased, which led to the decrease of the total rice yield year by year. Based on the data of Guangzhou Statistical Information Network, the present situation of rice planting in Guangzhou is analyzed in this paper. The results showed that rice cultivated land area and rice yield began to decrease in Guangzhou in recent years, from 2010 to 2015 by 5.07% and 9.09%, respectively, and the sowing area decreased from 2012 to 2015 by 4.85%. Although the government has expanded the area of cultivated land by various means, However, the area of cultivated land decreased in Guangzhou every year is more than that in that year. In 2012, the area of cultivated land was reduced by twice as much as the increase. In 2013, 2014 and 2015, the area of cultivated land decreased by 6.6 times, 11.3 times and 11.6 times, respectively, in 2013, 2014 and 2015. Guangzhou paid more attention to the development of urbanization. The contribution rate of the primary industry from 2010 to 2015 was decreased in turn. The contribution rate of the primary industry from 2010 to 2015 was not more than 0.4%. At the same time, there are some problems and deficiencies in rice production in Guangzhou: (1) poor basic condition of farmland; (2) low grain yield and quality; (3) insufficient input into production; (4) deterioration of farmland environment. By analyzing the present situation of rice planting in Guangzhou and combining with the actual situation in Guangzhou, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the development of rice, probes into the countermeasures to improve the present situation of rice cultivation, and speeds up the development of the local primary industry. To improve the enthusiasm of farmers to plant rice, to improve the yield and quality of rice, and to provide better practical guidance for rice cultivation with high yield and good quality.
【学位授予单位】：华南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F326.11

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