产业集聚对制造业企业生存的影响研究
发布时间：2018-10-18 20:53
【摘要】：企业的生存问题是经济管理研究中非常重要的内容,持续经营是一切企业发展壮大的基础。企业管理的目标是生存、获利和发展,而生存是后两者的前提条件。随着全球经济一体化进程的日益加速,技术更新换代频繁,市场大环境复杂多变,竞争变得愈加激烈,企业面临着越来越大的生存压力,如何有效提高企业的生存力已经成为亟需解决的问题。产业集聚通过上下游关联企业的分工协作、劳动力资源的优化、知识和技术的扩散等途径产生正向的外部性,提高企业的生存能力。于是,我们以异质性企业为切入点,通过设置临界生产率、求解均衡条件,以企业生产率作为传导机制构建产业集聚对企业生存影响的理论模型。新经济地理理论将异质企业生产率优势归因于集聚效应,但“新”新经济地理理论提出了另种途径——自选择效应,忽略自选择效应的研究往往高估了集聚效应的作用结果。为了考究集聚外部效应,我们将Combes的理论嵌入到新新经济地理框架中,以劳动禀赋度量地区的集聚效应,得到了产业集聚与企业生产率正相关关系。正向外部性的存在使得企业的生产成本不断下降,从而降低了企业自身的倒闭风险。在开放经济中,参与国际市场接触先进的生产工艺和管理方式等,能够直接或间接地加剧企业的“溢出效应”,降低企业的临界生产成本,进一步提高了企业的生存能力促进其可持续发展。实证检验中,采用排除大企业规模效应影响的Ellison-Glaeser指数来衡量产业集聚度,同时将产业集聚经济细分为衡量同一行业内外部性的专业化经济和不同行业之间外部性的城市化经济。在对中国工业企业微观数据统一处理的基础上,基于4位数行业和县级区域测度产业集聚水平,运用生存分析模型和倾向得分匹配模型等微观计量方法,估计产业集聚对中国制造业企业生存的影响。结果发现：产业集聚与企业生存概率呈明显的倒“U”型特征。产业集聚能够有效降低企业的倒闭风险,主要源于劳动力、资本等有形要素和知识、信息及管理经验等无形要素的聚集与流动。专业化经济和城市规模经济对我国制造业企业的生存产生了较为显著的正向作用,但多样化经济的影响并不显著。大的市场规模降低了企业的临界生产率水平,引致了企业竞争的加剧,从而增加了企业的消亡风险。在开放经济下,出口贸易能够有效促进产业集聚对企业生产率的正向作用,产业集聚对出口企业生存时间的作用强度显著优于非出口企业。但专业化效应、多样化效应和城市规模效应与出口贸易的交互作用均削弱了其对全要素生产率的影响。
[Abstract]:The survival of enterprises is a very important content in the study of economic management, and continuous operation is the basis for the development and expansion of all enterprises. The goal of enterprise management is survival, profit and development, and survival is the precondition of the latter two. With the acceleration of the process of global economic integration, the technology upgrading frequently, the market environment complex and changeable, the competition becoming more and more fierce, the enterprises are facing more and more pressure to survive. How to effectively improve the viability of enterprises has become an urgent problem. Industrial agglomeration produces positive externalities through the division and cooperation of upstream and downstream affiliated enterprises, the optimization of labor resources, the diffusion of knowledge and technology, and so on, so as to improve the survival ability of enterprises. Therefore, we take heterogeneous enterprises as the breakthrough point, by setting up the critical productivity, solving the equilibrium conditions, and taking the enterprise productivity as the transmission mechanism, we construct the theoretical model of the influence of industrial agglomeration on the survival of enterprises. The new economic geography theory ascribes the productivity advantage of heterogeneous enterprises to agglomeration effect. However, the new economic geography theory puts forward another approach, self-selection effect. The study of neglecting self-selection effect often overestimates the effect of agglomeration effect. In order to study the external effect of agglomeration, we embed the theory of Combes into the new and new economic geography frame, measured the agglomeration effect in the area with labor endowment, and got the positive correlation between industrial agglomeration and enterprise productivity. The existence of positive externality makes the production cost of enterprises decrease continuously, thus reducing the risk of bankruptcy of enterprises themselves. In an open economy, participation in international market access to advanced production processes and management methods can directly or indirectly exacerbate the "spillover effect" of enterprises and reduce their critical production costs. Further improve the viability of enterprises to promote their sustainable development. In the empirical test, the Ellison-Glaeser index, which excludes the influence of the scale effect of large enterprises, is used to measure the degree of industrial agglomeration. At the same time, the industrial agglomeration economy is subdivided into the specialized economy which measures the externality of the same industry and the urbanization economy which measures the externality of different industries. Based on the unified processing of microcosmic data of Chinese industrial enterprises, and based on the measurement of industrial agglomeration level in 4-digit industries and county-level regions, the survival analysis model and tendency score matching model are used to measure the level of industrial agglomeration. The influence of industrial agglomeration on the survival of Chinese manufacturing enterprises is estimated. The results show that the industrial agglomeration and the survival probability of the enterprise have obvious inverted "U" type characteristics. Industrial agglomeration can effectively reduce the risk of enterprise collapse mainly from the accumulation and flow of tangible elements such as labor capital and knowledge information management experience and other intangible elements. Specialization economy and urban scale economy have a significant positive effect on the survival of manufacturing enterprises in China, but the impact of diversified economy is not significant. The large market scale reduces the critical productivity level of the enterprise, leads to the aggravation of the enterprise competition, and increases the risk of the enterprise dying out. In the open economy, export trade can effectively promote the positive effect of industrial agglomeration on the productivity of enterprises, and the effect intensity of industrial agglomeration on the survival time of export enterprises is significantly better than that of non-export enterprises. However, specialization effect, diversification effect and the interaction between urban scale effect and export trade all weaken their influence on total factor productivity (TFP).
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F424
本文编号：2280337
[Abstract]:The survival of enterprises is a very important content in the study of economic management, and continuous operation is the basis for the development and expansion of all enterprises. The goal of enterprise management is survival, profit and development, and survival is the precondition of the latter two. With the acceleration of the process of global economic integration, the technology upgrading frequently, the market environment complex and changeable, the competition becoming more and more fierce, the enterprises are facing more and more pressure to survive. How to effectively improve the viability of enterprises has become an urgent problem. Industrial agglomeration produces positive externalities through the division and cooperation of upstream and downstream affiliated enterprises, the optimization of labor resources, the diffusion of knowledge and technology, and so on, so as to improve the survival ability of enterprises. Therefore, we take heterogeneous enterprises as the breakthrough point, by setting up the critical productivity, solving the equilibrium conditions, and taking the enterprise productivity as the transmission mechanism, we construct the theoretical model of the influence of industrial agglomeration on the survival of enterprises. The new economic geography theory ascribes the productivity advantage of heterogeneous enterprises to agglomeration effect. However, the new economic geography theory puts forward another approach, self-selection effect. The study of neglecting self-selection effect often overestimates the effect of agglomeration effect. In order to study the external effect of agglomeration, we embed the theory of Combes into the new and new economic geography frame, measured the agglomeration effect in the area with labor endowment, and got the positive correlation between industrial agglomeration and enterprise productivity. The existence of positive externality makes the production cost of enterprises decrease continuously, thus reducing the risk of bankruptcy of enterprises themselves. In an open economy, participation in international market access to advanced production processes and management methods can directly or indirectly exacerbate the "spillover effect" of enterprises and reduce their critical production costs. Further improve the viability of enterprises to promote their sustainable development. In the empirical test, the Ellison-Glaeser index, which excludes the influence of the scale effect of large enterprises, is used to measure the degree of industrial agglomeration. At the same time, the industrial agglomeration economy is subdivided into the specialized economy which measures the externality of the same industry and the urbanization economy which measures the externality of different industries. Based on the unified processing of microcosmic data of Chinese industrial enterprises, and based on the measurement of industrial agglomeration level in 4-digit industries and county-level regions, the survival analysis model and tendency score matching model are used to measure the level of industrial agglomeration. The influence of industrial agglomeration on the survival of Chinese manufacturing enterprises is estimated. The results show that the industrial agglomeration and the survival probability of the enterprise have obvious inverted "U" type characteristics. Industrial agglomeration can effectively reduce the risk of enterprise collapse mainly from the accumulation and flow of tangible elements such as labor capital and knowledge information management experience and other intangible elements. Specialization economy and urban scale economy have a significant positive effect on the survival of manufacturing enterprises in China, but the impact of diversified economy is not significant. The large market scale reduces the critical productivity level of the enterprise, leads to the aggravation of the enterprise competition, and increases the risk of the enterprise dying out. In the open economy, export trade can effectively promote the positive effect of industrial agglomeration on the productivity of enterprises, and the effect intensity of industrial agglomeration on the survival time of export enterprises is significantly better than that of non-export enterprises. However, specialization effect, diversification effect and the interaction between urban scale effect and export trade all weaken their influence on total factor productivity (TFP).
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F424
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