要素重置、产业结构变迁与甘肃工业转型升级研究

发布时间：2018-10-19 10:21

【摘要】：长期以来,我国过分重视经济增长速度,主要依靠生产要素的大量投入推动经济高速增长,导致经济增长质量较低,在工业方面主要体现为低技术水平的高投入低产出、高排放高污染以及产业结构不协调等特征。这种高投入、粗放型的增长方式已经对我国经济的长期可持续增长构成了严重威胁。工业发展的转型升级,要从“供给侧结构性改革”出发,提升要素供给和配置效率,调整优化产业结构,从根本上转变工业发展方式,促进工业结构和发展水平的整体优化提升。要素重置和产业结构变迁的结构分析方法有助于揭示工业发展的根本动力和原因。文章基于2000-2014年甘肃及全国工业分行业面板数据,通过构造工业结构变化度、结构变化的资本集约度等指标考察甘肃工业结构的变动趋向,并利用改进的Wurgler模型测算了样本期内甘肃工业要素重置效率,要素重置效率用各行业资本或劳动力要素的流动对生产率变化的敏感程度表示。文章最后探讨了甘肃工业的转型升级路径。实证研究表明,在2000-2014年间,中国工业结构呈现出由资本密集型产业向劳动密集型产业调整的趋势,尤其是向电子及通信设备制造业、交通运输设备制造业和电器机械制造业等技术密集型产业进行调整,但同时期甘肃工业结构中资本密集程度加强,劳动力要素向煤炭采选业、石油开采业、化学原料和化学制品制造业等产业流动。甘肃大力发展资源、重化工等区域特色工业,产业资本不断深化,要素集聚能力不断加强,但这种规模导向的要素配置和工业结构调整在整体上呈现出结构负利‖特征,生产要素向高生产率部门的流动缺乏效率,一些生产效率低下的部门占用了大量生产资源,技术密集型和新兴产业的发展比较落后。据此,本文做出以下讨论及建议:首先,我国的工业化进程和工业要素重置表现出明显的规模导向特征,大型国有工业企业占有较多优质资源,工业结构的优化升级需要从减少政府对要素资源的配置权力入手,加快要素市场改革,提高要素重置效率。第二,研究表明,甘肃工业中煤炭、冶金、烟草、电力等支柱产业的生产效率表现良好,要实现甘肃工业的转型升级,必须依托优势产业,围绕其产业链进行资源整合和要素重置,实现产业升级,增强竞争力。最后,以智能制造和物联网为基础工业4.0‖概念正在悄然改变工业的生产过程和发展方式,工业发展战略应适时调整产业扶持内容,加强对高等教育和科研的投资,提高工业技术化程度。
[Abstract]:For a long time, our country pays too much attention to the speed of economic growth, mainly relies on a large amount of input of production factors to promote the rapid economic growth, which leads to the low quality of economic growth, which is mainly reflected in the low technical level of high input and low output. High emission and high pollution as well as industrial structure is not coordinated and other characteristics. This kind of high investment, extensive growth mode has posed a serious threat to the long-term sustainable growth of our economy. The transformation and upgrading of industrial development should proceed from the "supply-side structural reform", enhance the efficiency of supply and allocation of elements, adjust and optimize the industrial structure, and fundamentally change the mode of industrial development. To promote the overall optimization and upgrading of industrial structure and development level. The structural analysis method of element resetting and industrial structure change is helpful to reveal the fundamental motive force and cause of industrial development. Based on the panel data of industrial subsectors in Gansu and China from 2000 to 2014, this paper investigates the changing trend of industrial structure in Gansu Province by means of the index of industrial structure change degree and capital intensity of structural change. By using the improved Wurgler model, the resetting efficiency of industrial elements in Gansu Province is calculated in the sample period, which is expressed by the sensitivity of capital or labor factor flow to productivity change in various industries. Finally, the paper discusses the transformation and upgrading path of Gansu industry. Empirical studies show that the industrial structure of China changed from capital-intensive industry to labor-intensive industry from 2000 to 2014, especially to electronics and communication equipment manufacturing. The technology-intensive industries, such as transportation equipment manufacturing and electrical machinery manufacturing, were adjusted, but during the same period in Gansu's industrial structure, the degree of capital concentration was strengthened, and the labor factors turned to coal mining and oil mining, Chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing and other industries flow. Gansu has made great efforts to develop resources, heavy chemical industry and other regional characteristic industries. The industrial capital has been deepened and the ability of factor agglomeration has been strengthened. However, this kind of scale oriented factor allocation and industrial structure adjustment have the characteristics of negative structure and negative profit on the whole. The flow of production factors to high productivity sectors is inefficient, some inefficient departments occupy a large number of production resources, and the development of technology-intensive and emerging industries is relatively backward. On this basis, this paper makes the following discussions and suggestions: firstly, the industrialization process and industrial element resetting in China show obvious scale oriented characteristics, and large state-owned industrial enterprises occupy more high-quality resources. The optimization and upgrading of industrial structure should start with the reduction of the government's power to allocate factor resources, accelerate the reform of factor market and improve the efficiency of factor replacement. Second, the study shows that the coal, metallurgy, tobacco, electric power and other pillar industries in Gansu industry perform well in production efficiency. In order to realize the transformation and upgrading of Gansu industry, we must rely on superior industries. Resource integration and factor resetting around its industrial chain to achieve industrial upgrading and enhance competitiveness. Finally, based on the concept of intelligent manufacturing and Internet of things, the concept of "4.0" industry is quietly changing the production process and development mode of industry. The industrial development strategy should adjust the contents of industry support and strengthen investment in higher education and scientific research. Raise the level of industrial technicalization.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F427

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