产品内国际分工嵌入模式对中国产业绩效的影响

发布时间：2018-12-20 08:59

【摘要】：在经济全球化和科技进步的推动下,国际分工进入到基于价值链国际拆分的产品内国际分工阶段。中国主要通过加工贸易参与到产品内国际分工中,这种新型分工方式对中国产业发展产生深远的影响。中国如何才能有效地利用产品内国际分工为中国经济发展带来的利益,从而更好促进经济和社会的发展是本文研究的主要目的。本文首先通过对比较优势理论和规模经济理论补充放宽一些前提条件,结合全球价值链理论,构建较为完整的产品内国际分工理论基础。然后基于模块化分析产品内国际分工的有效实现形式及其内在机制,最后梳理国内外关于产品内国际分工对产业绩效影响的相关文献。通过UN Comtrade贸易数据的分析,本文发现中国在产品内国际分工中竞争力主要集中在低附加值的劳动密集型加工组装阶段,在国际分工体系中处于中低端位置。中国在融入产品内国际分工过程中,比较优势逐渐向价值链的中高端攀升,国际分工地位有一定的改善,但要实现产业的升级仍需要相对长时间的努力。在实证部分,本文基于2002-2012年的面板数据,分别测算中间品进口、中间品出口、最终品进口、最终品出口四种嵌入模式与劳动生产率之间的关系。产业整体研究结果表明,产品内国际分工从中间品进口、中间品出口、最终品出口三个方面促进生产率增长,其中中间品出口贡献最大;“引进中间产品—深加工—出口中间产品”和系统集成模式对产业整体生产率产生显著促进作用。从不同技术类型产业回归结果来看,中间产品和最终产品出口增长提高不同技术类型产业生产率;中间产品进口会有利于中低端技术产业发展,阻碍高端技术产业技术升级;最终产品进口会显著阻碍低端技术产业发展,但有利于中端技术产业提高该领域的生产率;“引进中间产品—深加工—出口中间产品”模式推动低端技术产业生产率提升,系统集成模式有利于低端和高端技术类型产业发展。本文也探讨产品内国际分工对工业部门收入分配的影响。从产业整体来看,中间产品进口、中间产品出口和最终产品进口这三方面提高熟练劳动力相对工资,其中中间产品出口的贡献最大。从不同技术产业类型来看,中间产品进口和出口增长扩大中低端技术产业相对工资差距;最终产品进口对低端技术产业相对工资差距的扩大有促进作用;最终产品出口则会显著缩小不同技术产业相对工资差距;参与产品内国际分工四种模式对缩小高端技术产业相对工资起到了显著的作用。最后,对全文的研究结果进行了归纳,并提出政策建议。
[Abstract]:Under the impetus of economic globalization and the progress of science and technology, the international division of labor has entered the stage of intra-product international division based on the international division of value chain. China participates in the international division of labor mainly through processing trade, which has a profound influence on the development of Chinese industry. The main purpose of this paper is how China can effectively utilize the benefits brought by the international division of labor within products for China's economic development and thus promote the development of economy and society. Firstly, by supplementing the comparative advantage theory and the scale economy theory and combining the global value chain theory with some preconditions, this paper constructs a relatively complete theoretical basis of intra-product international division of labor. Then based on the modular analysis of the effective form of intra-product international division of labor and its internal mechanism, finally combing the domestic and foreign literature on the impact of intra-product international division of labor on industrial performance. Through the analysis of UN Comtrade trade data, this paper finds that the competitiveness of China in the international division of labor within products is mainly concentrated in the labor-intensive processing and assembly stage with low added value, and in the middle and low end of the international division of labor system. In the process of China's integration into the intra-product international division of labor, the comparative advantage is gradually rising to the middle and high end of the value chain, and the position of international division of labor has been improved to a certain extent, but it still takes a relatively long time to realize the upgrading of the industry. In the empirical part, based on the panel data from 2002 to 2012, this paper calculates the relationship between labor productivity and the four embedded models of intermediate import, intermediate export, final product import and final product export. The results show that the international division of labor within products promotes productivity growth from three aspects: import of intermediate goods, export of intermediate goods and export of final products, with the greatest contribution to the export of intermediate goods. The introduction of intermediate products-deep processing-export intermediates and the system integration model play a significant role in promoting the overall productivity of the industry. According to the regression results of different types of technology industries, the export growth of intermediate products and final products can improve the productivity of different types of technology industries, and the import of intermediate products will benefit the development of middle and low-end technology industries and hinder the upgrading of high-end technology industries. The final product import will significantly hinder the development of low-end technology industry, but will help the mid-end technology industry to improve the productivity in this field; The mode of "introducing intermediate products-deep processing-exporting intermediate products" promotes the productivity of low-end technology industry, and the system integration model is beneficial to the development of low-end and high-end technology type industries. This paper also discusses the impact of intra-product international division of labor on income distribution in the industrial sector. From the view of industry as a whole, intermediate product import, intermediate product export and final product import raise the relative wage of skilled labor force, and the contribution of intermediate product export is the greatest. According to different types of technology industry, the growth of intermediate product import and export expands the relative wage gap of middle and low end technology industry, and the final product import promotes the expansion of low end technology industry relative wage gap. The final product export will significantly reduce the relative wage gap between different technology industries, and the four modes of participating in the international division of labor within the product play a significant role in reducing the relative wage of the high-end technology industry. Finally, the research results are summarized, and policy recommendations are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F124

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