攀枝花芒果产业发展研究

发布时间：2019-01-01 11:26

【摘要】：攀枝花是世界上“海拔最高,纬度最北,成熟最晚,品质最优”的芒果生产最适宜区,是近20年内快速崛起的芒果产业新区,是全国五个芒果优势发展区域之一。攀枝花地处金沙江干热河谷区,气候条件与国内外其他芒果产区迥异,在不到20年的时间内迅速发展了20000 hm2芒果,可谓成绩斐然。芒果产业已成为本地区农业、农村经济发展和农民增收的支柱产业。本文对攀枝花芒果产业进行较为系统的研究,目的是总结在干热河谷气候条件下,在高纬度、高海拔区域发展芒果产业的经验和教训,以期能为攀枝花及金沙江干热河谷区芒果产业发展提供些许借鉴。本文对国内外芒果产业发展与攀枝花芒果产业发展在气候条件、熟期、优劣势、技术特征等方面进行了对比研究；对攀枝花芒果产业发展历程中群众自发发展、有组织无序发展、有组织有序发展三个阶段进行了系统追溯与回顾,叙述了产业起源,品种来源和变迁,领导和专家的眷顾,以中国热带农业科学院为主的外部科技力量支持,经历的波折等；对国内外及攀枝花芒果发展现状进行了分析总结,详细分析了攀枝花芒果产业发展在季节、产量、质量、市场、经济效益等方面的优势,总结攀枝花芒果产业不同于其他芒果产区的物候期特性和技术特征；总结了攀枝花芒果产业在区域布局、品种结构、基础设施建设、生产技术、质量安全、组织化程度、产业化、自然灾害、市场竞争等方面存在的问题；对攀枝花芒果产业今后在区域布局、品种结构、生产规模、组织形式、生产方式、市场定位、市场竞争等方面的发展趋势、发展方向进行了分析预测；提出攀枝花芒果产业可持续发展的思路和对策。本文提出了攀枝花芒果今后发展的总体思路是：早中晚品种合理搭配,均衡上市,延长上市时间；提升科技水平,推进标准化生产,提质增效,提高基地建设质量,加快设施栽培,适度谨慎在高海拔、高纬度临界区域发展芒果：加大芒果生态种植力度,提高质量安全水平；加强宣传,提高品牌知名度,加大市场开拓力度,立足国内中、高端市场,迈步国际市场。本文的创新内容：提出了芒果设施化防灾、避雨、抗旱、延迟成熟等栽培技术思路,提出了以纬度、海拔高度和品种熟期特性来调剂芒果成熟时间,延长产品供应市场的时间,提出了早、中、晚熟品种科学合理搭配比例等在金沙江干热河谷区属于创新性的技术观点。首次对攀枝花芒果产业发展进行系统总结；首次对金沙江干热河谷区芒果产业发展进行了总结,把攀枝花及金沙江干热河谷区芒果产业置身于国内、国际大环境进行分析比较,提出自身的优势和劣势。
[Abstract]:Panzhihua is the most suitable area for mango production in the world, which has the highest elevation, the northernmost latitude, the most late maturity and the best quality. It is a new area of mango industry that has been rising rapidly in the past 20 years, and is one of the five superior mango development regions in China. Panzhihua is located in the dry and hot valley of Jinsha River. The climatic conditions are very different from other mango producing areas at home and abroad. In less than 20 years, Panzhihua has developed 20000 hm2 mango rapidly, which can be described as a remarkable achievement. Mango industry has become the pillar industry of agriculture, rural economic development and farmers' income. This paper studies the mango industry of Panzhihua in order to summarize the experiences and lessons of developing mango industry in high latitude and high altitude region under the condition of dry and hot valley climate. In order to provide some reference for the development of mango industry in Panzhihua and Jinsha River dry and hot valley. In this paper, the development of mango industry at home and abroad and Panzhihua mango industry development in climate conditions, maturity, advantages and disadvantages, technical characteristics and other aspects of comparative study; This paper systematically traces and reviews the three stages of mass spontaneous development, organized disorderly development and organized orderly development in the course of development of Panzhihua mango industry, and narrates the origin of the industry, the origin and changes of varieties, and the patronage of leaders and experts. With the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences as the main external scientific and technological support, experienced twists and turns; The present situation of mango development at home and abroad and Panzhihua mango is analyzed and summarized, and the advantages of Panzhihua mango industry in season, output, quality, market and economic benefit are analyzed in detail. The phenological and technical characteristics of mango industry in Panzhihua are summarized. The problems in regional layout, variety structure, infrastructure construction, production technology, quality and safety, degree of organization, industrialization, natural disaster, market competition and so on in Panzhihua mango industry were summarized. The development trend and development direction of Panzhihua mango industry in regional layout, variety structure, production scale, organization form, production mode, market orientation and market competition are analyzed and forecasted. The sustainable development of Panzhihua mango industry was put forward. In this paper, the general idea of the future development of Panzhihua mango is put forward as follows: reasonable collocation of early, middle and late varieties, balanced listing and prolongation of the time for listing; To improve the level of science and technology, to promote standardized production, to improve quality and efficiency, to improve the quality of base construction, to speed up facility cultivation, to develop mango moderately cautiously in critical areas at high altitude and high latitudes: to increase ecological planting of mango, and to improve quality and safety level; Strengthen publicity, improve brand awareness, increase market development, based on domestic, high-end market, step forward the international market. The innovative contents of this paper are as follows: the cultivation techniques of mango such as disaster prevention, rain shelter, drought resistance and delayed ripening are put forward, and the ripening time of mango is adjusted by latitude, altitude and variety maturity characteristics, and the time of product supply market is prolonged. The scientific and reasonable proportion of early, middle and late maturing varieties in dry and hot valley of Jinsha River was put forward. The development of Panzhihua mango industry was systematically summarized for the first time. The development of mango industry in the dry and hot valley of Jinsha River was summarized for the first time. The mango industry in Panzhihua and the dry and hot valley of Jinsha River was placed in China and the international environment was analyzed and compared, and its own advantages and disadvantages were put forward.
【学位授予单位】：四川农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F326.13

【参考文献】