产业集群网络的知识溢出：研究进展与理论述评

发布时间：2019-02-13 05:21

【摘要】：当前企业所面临的世界经济环境日益复杂,企业所嵌入的社会网络也呈现横纵交织的复杂态势。越来越多的企业及个体认识到仅凭自身所拥有的资源对新知识进行积累与创新是无法在日益开放和复杂的市场竞争环境中获得核心优势的。这一趋势造成企业间的竞争已经不再是企业之间的简单对抗,而是通过企业对各种竞合关系网络的横纵向嵌入,使其最大化的接触知识资源和其他原始资源的共享,因此,产业集群网络成为了企业运营的重要网络环境之一。在集群情境下,位于产业集群网络内的企业意味着接入了庞大的共享知识库以及更多的创新机会,企业能够获得对知识最大限度的创造、开发与应用的空间,而且在客观上帮助企业走出从静态的资源视角对知识进行认识的困境。知识资源在集群网络内流动成为产业集群网络发挥优势的主要动因之一,并在集群创新中发挥着重要的作用。因此,产业集群网络内的知识溢出效应成为企业创新行为与绩效的主要影响因素。从现有的对于产业集群网络中的知识溢出效应的研究来看,由于二者分别独立包含着庞大的子系统,对二者进行分别研究的文献数量比较多,比较缺乏从全面的视角对二者间的互动关系、影响因素等方面进行联合的研究。本文基于此种研究现状,通过对现有相关主题的文献进行归纳与分析,针对以下几个方面的问题进行了重点研究：(1)产业集群与知识溢出究竟谁是谁的诱发机制,二者间相互作用的关系是如何具体呈现的；(2)对知识溢出进行划分的分类视角有很多,但是综合起来,究竟是倾向于以知识属性为基础进行划分还是以知识溢出选择的渠道特性为依据进行划分；(3)集群中知识溢出为何呈现出特别活跃的态势,从知识溢出方角度和知识接收方角度来看,分别有何种因素对其进行影响；(4)知识溢出的效应所具有的双面性,从不同层面上来看,具体的表象分别是什么；(5)中国情境下的知识溢出效应研究主要意义在哪里,有哪些不同于国外研究的特点。研究表明：(1)产业集群与知识溢出是相辅相成、互相作用而逡巡发展的。产业集群为知识溢出提供土壤,知识溢出为产业集群规模发展与层级深化提供重要推动力；(2)知识溢出的分类视角是复杂的,无法将知识属性和渠道特性两种视角单纯的割裂划分。知识的属性往往决定了知识溢出的渠道,因此,对知识溢出进行划分通常同时包含了知识属性和渠道属性；(3)高层管理的支持和组织的信任程度是知识溢出方企业对知识溢出的主要影响因素,而知识存量和知识相关性的影响作用通常由知识溢出接收方企业表现出来：(4)知识溢出效应在国家、区域和产业集群、以及企业层面均具有双面性,同时具有最优知识溢出水平来保证知识溢出正向效应的最大程度上的发挥。(5)中国情境下的知识溢出研究具有不同特点,知识溢出的渠道特性、网络理论的纵向视角,溢出方企业对知识溢出的能动作用以及对最优知识溢出水平的探求成为中国学者在未来的研究中可以关注的主要议题。
[Abstract]:The world economic environment facing the current enterprise is becoming more and more complex, and the social network embedded by the enterprise also presents the complex situation of horizontal and vertical weaving. More and more enterprises and individuals realize that the accumulation and innovation of new knowledge based on the resources owned by themselves are not able to gain the core advantages in an increasingly open and complex market competition environment. This trend leads to the fact that the competition among enterprises is no longer a simple confrontation between the enterprises, but the cross-longitudinal embedding of the various competing relations networks through the enterprise, so as to maximize the sharing of the contact knowledge resources and other original resources, and therefore, The industrial cluster network has become one of the important network environments for enterprise operation. in the context of the cluster, the enterprises located in the industrial cluster network means that the large shared knowledge base and more innovation opportunities are accessed, and the enterprises can obtain the space for creating, developing and applying the knowledge to the greatest extent, Moreover, it can help the enterprise to get out of the dilemma of knowledge in the view of the static resource. The flow of knowledge resources in the cluster network becomes one of the main drivers of the industrial cluster network, and plays an important role in the cluster innovation. Therefore, the knowledge spillover effect in the industrial cluster network becomes the main influencing factor of the enterprise's innovation behavior and performance. From the view of the existing knowledge spillover effect in the industrial cluster network, because of the fact that the two are independent of the large sub-system, the number of the documents to be studied separately is much more, and the comparison between the two is less than the comprehensive view of the interaction between the two. Joint research on factors such as the system and the influencing factors In this paper, based on the current situation of the research, this paper focuses on the following aspects: (1) who is the inducing machine of the industrial cluster and knowledge spillover The relation of the interaction between the two is how to present it. (2) There are a lot of classification views on the division of knowledge spillover, but it can be classified based on the knowledge attribute and the channel characteristics selected by the knowledge overflow. (3) The knowledge spillover in the cluster presents a particularly active situation, and from the perspective of the knowledge-overflow party and the perspective of the knowledge-receiving party, what are the factors that affect it; and (4) the double-sided nature of the effect of knowledge overflow, from different levels Look, what is the specific representation; (5) Where is the knowledge spillover effect in the context of China? What is different from the study abroad? The research shows that: (1) Industrial cluster and knowledge overflow are mutually reinforcing and interact with each other. The development of the industrial cluster provides an important driving force for the development of the scale of the industrial cluster and the deepening of the level of the industrial cluster. (2) The classification angle of the knowledge overflow is complex, and it is not possible to cut the knowledge attribute and the channel characteristic from two different perspectives. The attribute of knowledge often determines the channel of knowledge overflow. Therefore, the division of knowledge spillover usually contains both the knowledge attribute and the channel attribute. (3) The support of the high-level management and the degree of trust of the organization are the main shadow of the knowledge spillover in the knowledge overflow party enterprise. The effect of knowledge stock and knowledge correlation is usually expressed by the knowledge spillover receiver enterprises: (4) The knowledge spillover effect has the advantages of the national, regional and industrial clusters, as well as the enterprise level Double-sided, with the optimal knowledge overflow level to ensure the maximum level of knowledge overflow positive effect (5) The research of knowledge overflow under the situation of China has different characteristics, the channel characteristics of knowledge overflow and the vertical of the network theory. From the perspective of view, the active role of the spill-over enterprise on the knowledge spillover and the search for the level of the optimal knowledge overflow have become the main focus of Chinese scholars in the future research
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F276.4;F273.1

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