跨境电子商务纠纷初探
本文关键词:跨境电子商务交易全球性网上争议解决体系的构建,由笔耕文化传播整理发布。
综上,尽管UNCITRAL《程序规则》尚未形成终稿,但已找到解决ODR管辖权、实体问题的法律适用、结果的执行几个关键问题的基本路径,并形成了供各国ODR平台参考的程序规则范本,从而初步扫除了ODR在解决跨境电子商务纠纷方面现有的法律障碍。?
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三、ODR解决“一带一路”跨境电子商务纠纷的对策?
(一)积极引领并鼓励“一带一路”沿线国家共同参与该领域的国际立法?
“一带一路”沿线国家分散于亚洲、欧洲、非洲,各自的法律文化差异非常大,要在区域内实现跨境电子商务纠纷解决规则的一体化,唯有借助该领域内国际立法的力量。?
目前,欧盟、美国等发达国家以及部分发展中国家积极参与了UNCITRAL《程序规则》的谈判,并就如何解决跨境电子商务ODR的法律障碍达成了基本共识。在此过程中,各国都试图在这一新规则体系中植入符合本国国情、有利于本国发展的规则。例如,美国联合哥伦比亚提议将支付系统退款确立为一种执行机制。两国之所以如此提议,是因为哥伦比亚的消费者保护法律规定,所有类型的付款均可适用退款办法,并配套有自动返还退款制度;美国法律也通过支付卡退款办法为消费者网购提供保护。[26]?在我国法律尚未对支付系统退款做出配套规定的情况下,如果《程序规则》接受了美国和哥伦比亚的提议,将导致根据该规则进行处理的纠纷无法在我国得到执行。因此,我国应当重视该领域国际立法的发展,积极参与乃至引领该领域国际规则的制定。?
与此同时,更多的“一带一路”沿线国家参与UNCITRAL《程序规则》的立法进程,将为未来《程序规则》成为区域内的统一性规则打下良好的基础。?
(二)推动建立与国际规则接轨的ODR平台?
目前,美国、欧盟等国家和地区都建立了高水平的ODR平台,ODR制度在这些国家和地区得到了有效的推广运用。[27]虽然我国学者十多年前就开展了对ODR的研究,但我国尚无高水平的、利用率高的ODR平台。目前,我国的电子商务企业一般都建立了自己的纠纷解决制度,因此没有很强的动力去推动ODR平台的建设。然而,我国电子商务企业的纠纷解决制度与国际规则相去甚远,无法满足跨境电子商务纠纷解决的需求。?
因此,我国政府应当联合电子商务行业共同推动ODR平台的建设,并在此类平台建设的过程中参考UNCITRAL《程序规则》,以便该平台与国际规则接轨,进而得到外国当事人的接受和认可,推动我国与“一带一路”沿线国家跨境电子商务的发展。?
(三)普及和推广ODR相关知识?
在ODR中,熟练掌握电脑技能和ODR平台运用技巧的一方更容易获得对自己有利的结果。对此,一些发展中国家的学者建议本国政府为民众提供电脑和ODR知识的培训。[28]?
近年来,电脑和互联网在我国日渐普及,我国企业和消费者越来越多的通过网络购买外国的产品和服务。然而,由于我国ODR平台的建设和推广滞后,我国企业和民众对ODR缺乏足够的了解。因此,当他们在跨境电子交易中遇到纠纷时,无法有效的利用ODR机制维护自身的合法权益,而传统的跨国诉讼或仲裁又成本高昂,导致他们不得不放弃维权。因此,我国应当对国内企业和民众进行ODR相关知识的普及和培训,帮助他们更好的维护自己的合法权益。?
与此同时,只有“一带一路”沿线国家的企业和个人了解和有能力运用ODR,才能更
放心地与中国的企业和个人开展跨境电子商务。部分“一带一路”沿线国家在互联网的普及和运用上落后于我国,我国可以通过向电子商务企业和行业协会募集专项基金的方式,帮助这些国家普及ODR相关知识,解除当地民众与中国企业或个人开展电子商务的后顾之忧。?
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Analysis on using ODRto resolve disputes between parties from China and One Belt One Roadcountries on Cross-border Electronic Commerce Transactions
Tang Qiong-qiong
【Abstract】Online Dispute Resolution becomes an alternative way to resolvedisputes between parties from China and the ‘One Belt One Road’ countries on cross-border electronic commerce transactions, because the traditional dispute resolution mechanism is powerless to such kind of disputes. The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law is legislating on ODR for cross-border electronic commerce transactions, trying to overcome several existing legal obstacles, such as the validity of pre-dispute resolution agreement, the applicable law for the substantive
issues and the execution of the result from the ODR system. It has made fundamental progress on these issues. Therefore, ODR becomes an effective way to resolve disputes on cross-border electronic commerce transactions. In order to promote the cross-border electronic commerce transactions between China and the ‘One Belt One Road’ countries through ODR, China should play a leading role in the international legislation process on ODR and encourage ‘One Belt One Road’ countries to join the process. Meanwhile, China should promote the establishment of ODR platform, and create more access to ODR for the public.
【Key words】cross-border electronic commerce; ODR; online dispute resolution; One Belt One Road
作者简介:唐琼琼(1982-),女,法学博士,上海对外经贸大学法学院讲师,研究方向为国际经济法、电子商务法。
基金项目:本文系作者主持的2015年国家社科基金青年项目“跨境电子商务在线纠纷解决国际立法及我国的应对研究”(15CFX074)的阶段性成果。?
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本文关键词:跨境电子商务交易全球性网上争议解决体系的构建,由笔耕文化传播整理发布。
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