协议管辖制度在电子商务纠纷案件中的适用

发布时间：2018-04-03 00:14

本文选题：协议管辖　切入点：电子商务纠纷　出处：《安徽大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：伴随着电子信息时代的飞速发展,人们的生活方式发生了巨大的改变。人们的生活日益离不开网络,从购物到工作,无不可以通过网络来完成,催生了电子商务的繁荣发展。互联网具有虚拟性和跨地域性,因此,电子商务纠纷与传统的民事纠纷存在着很大的不同。电子商务纠纷的解决刻不容缓,而关于协议管辖的纠纷在电子商务纠纷中占有很大的比例。实务中电子商务纠纷的协议管辖权是根据民诉法关于民事管辖的一般规定来确定的,并没有特别的规定。民事诉讼法三十四条规定的协议管辖的五个连接点在电子商务中并不合适。如何解决这类问题,如何完善协议管辖制度使其能更好应用于电子商务纠纷中去,也日益受到法律界和学术界关注。协议管辖,又称为约定管辖。参照不同的标准可将协议管辖作出不一样的分类。比如,以是否包含涉外因素,协议管辖可区分为国内和涉外民事案件协议管辖两类。以当事人是否以明示作为其意思表示形式作为区分的标准,协议管辖又可区分为明示的协议管辖和默示的协议管辖。以当事人之间的协议是否具有排他性作为区分的标准,协议管辖则可区分为排他性的协议管辖和非排他性的协议管辖。作为一种制度,适用协议管辖需具备相应的条件。而协议管辖制度则经历了从没有到有、从不是很完善到逐步被完善的过程。伴随着信息时代,把互联网作为载体的电子商务逐渐的发展了起来。在电子商务中,当事人的管辖权协议大多是包含在格式合同中,因此电子商务中的协议管辖的协议方式多表现为格式条款。在电子商务各方交易过程中,关于电子商务纠纷案件管辖权的确立有层出不穷的问题。比如孙丁丁诉江苏苏宁易购电子商务有限公司一案,就反应了司法实践中如何界定经营者已经采取合理方式提请其消费者注意,没有统一的标准,以及怎样的方式可以被认定为是合理方式很难界定。电子商务纠纷中被告住所地、合同履行地、合同签订地很难确定,部分案件若是直接适用协议管辖则会出现显失公平的现象。这些都对当下的协议管辖制度造成了很大的冲击。我们要完善协议管辖制度,以使其能更好的解决电子商务纠纷。为此,首先,电子商务纠纷案件的协议管辖制度应坚持三原则,它们分别是同等保护之原则、便利诉讼之原则和意思自治之原则。其次,我们要为电子商务纠纷案件的协议管辖制度确立消费者住所地管辖规则和将网址作为新的管辖连接点之规则。最后,协议管辖需要被进行必要的限制,我们可以把以合理方式提请消费者注意的标准进行细化。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of electronic information age, people's way of life has undergone tremendous changes.People's life is increasingly inseparable from the network, from shopping to work, can be completed through the network, ecommerce prosperity and development.Internet is virtual and cross-regional, so there is a great difference between e-commerce disputes and traditional civil disputes.The settlement of e-commerce dispute is urgent, and the dispute about agreement jurisdiction occupies a large proportion in e-commerce dispute.In practice, the agreement jurisdiction of electronic commerce disputes is determined according to the general provisions of civil jurisdiction in civil litigation law, and there are no special provisions.The five points of connection governed by agreement under article 34 of the Code of Civil procedure are not appropriate in e-commerce.How to solve this kind of problems and how to perfect the agreement jurisdiction system so that it can be better applied in the dispute of electronic commerce has been paid more and more attention by the legal and academic circles.Agreement jurisdiction, also known as contract jurisdiction.Agreement jurisdiction may be classified differently by reference to different criteria.For example, according to whether to include foreign factors, the jurisdiction of agreement can be divided into two categories: domestic and foreign civil cases.The agreement jurisdiction can be divided into express agreement jurisdiction and implied agreement jurisdiction.The criterion of whether the agreement between the parties is exclusive or not, the agreement jurisdiction can be divided into exclusive agreement jurisdiction and non-exclusive agreement jurisdiction.As a kind of system, the applicable agreement jurisdiction must have the corresponding condition.But the agreement jurisdiction system has experienced from no to have, never is very perfect to be perfected step by step.With the information age, the Internet as a carrier of e-commerce has gradually developed.In electronic commerce, the parties' jurisdiction agreement is mostly included in the format contract, so the agreement in the electronic commerce is mostly embodied in the form clause.In the course of dealing with each side of e-commerce, the establishment of the jurisdiction of the dispute case of e-commerce arises in endlessly.For example, the case of Sun Dingding v. Jiangsu Su Ning E-Commerce Co., Ltd. reflects how to define in judicial practice how the operator has taken a reasonable approach to draw his consumers' attention to the fact that there is no uniform standard.And how it can be considered reasonable is difficult to define.It is difficult to determine the place where the defendant is domiciled, the place where the contract is performed and the place where the contract is signed in electronic commerce disputes.All these have had a great impact on the current system of agreement jurisdiction.We must perfect the agreement jurisdiction system, in order to enable it to solve the electronic commerce dispute better.Therefore, first of all, the agreed jurisdiction system of electronic commerce dispute cases should adhere to three principles, they are the principle of equal protection, the principle of facilitating litigation and the principle of autonomy of will.Secondly, we should establish the rules of jurisdiction of consumer domicile and the rule of using web site as the new jurisdiction link for electronic commerce dispute cases.Finally, jurisdiction needs to be limited as necessary, and we can refine the criteria that are brought to the attention of consumers in a reasonable manner.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.1

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