基于时空视角的电商物流“最后一公里”的经济分析

发布时间：2018-04-06 23:28

本文选题：最后一公里　切入点：配送模式　出处：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近几年电子商务发展迅猛,我国已经超越美国成为全球最大的网络零售市场和全球快件量第一大国。低人工成本优势所带来的低物流配送成本对电商物流的发展产生了极大的推动作用。随着电商物流行业的日益成熟,其对于物流企业快递配送的服务水平和服务时效有了更高的要求。然而,随着人工成本的上升,"最后一公里"的人工成本优势正在逐渐减弱。改善物流配送、推动电子商务持续发展,其关键在于"最后一公里"配送方式的改善。目前国内电商物流"最后一公里"的配送以快递员送货上门、"地摊式"的人工值守点、自建分店为主,社会化物流下的第三方物流专业服务点、智能提货柜、社区合作模式为辅。本文在电商物流"最后一公里"逐步制约电子商务物流发展的背景下,归纳总结前人研究成果。首先从时空经济的角度将电商物流"最后一公里"定义为:电商物流体系末端配送服务对时空距离的转换效率。其次,分析了我国电商物流的供需现状、城乡和农村、国外和我国台湾地区电商物流"最后一公里"的配送模式,分析现存配送方式存在的优缺点;利用PRN分析框架(产品-资源-网络经济)分析"最后一公里"配送服务,利用时空转换实现规模经济、范围经济、时空增值赖来阐述网络经济的特性,利用个性化服务阐述产品特性。再次,从快递企业和平台企业的角度分别分析他们在产品、资源、网络经济维度下对配送方式的选择,并进行排序,从消费者的角度分析他们对六类配送方式的服务选择,得出社会化物流下的第三方物流专业服务点、智能提货柜、快递员送货上门、社区合作模式是未来主要的末端配送方式。最后,借鉴京东、天猫物流末端配送模式,提出一方面面临着六类配送方式综合交叉配送的趋势,另一方面需要多渠道积极打通农村电商物流的"最后一公里"配送。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of e-commerce in recent years, China has overtaken the United States to become the largest online retail market in the world and the largest country in express mail volume in the world.The low distribution cost brought by the low labor cost has greatly promoted the development of e-commerce logistics.With the increasing maturity of e-commerce logistics industry, it has higher requirements for the service level and service limitation of express delivery in logistics enterprises.However, as labor costs rise, the advantage of last-kilometer labor costs is waning.To improve logistics distribution and promote the sustainable development of electronic commerce, the key lies in the improvement of last kilometer distribution.At present, the "last kilometer" distribution of domestic e-commerce logistics is delivered to the door of the courier, the manual duty point of the "ground stand" type, the self-built branch shop, the third party logistics professional service point under the socialized logistics, and the intelligent pick-up cabinet.Community cooperation model is complementary.In this paper, the last kilometer of e-commerce logistics gradually restricts the development of e-commerce logistics, and summarizes the previous research results.Firstly, the last kilometer of e-commerce logistics is defined from the point of view of space-time economy: the conversion efficiency of the terminal distribution service of e-commerce logistics system to the space-time distance.Secondly, it analyzes the supply and demand situation of e-commerce logistics in China, the distribution mode of "last kilometer" of e-commerce logistics between urban and rural areas, foreign countries and Taiwan area, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the existing distribution methods.Using the PRN analysis framework (product-resources-network economy) to analyze the "last kilometer" distribution service, using space-time conversion to achieve economies of scale, scope economy, space-time value-added to explain the characteristics of the network economy,Use personalized services to elaborate product characteristics.Third, from the point of view of express delivery enterprises and platform enterprises, respectively analyze their choice of distribution mode under the dimension of product, resources, network economy, and sort, analyze their service choice of six kinds of distribution methods from the perspective of consumers.It is concluded that the professional service point of the third party logistics under the social logistics, the intelligent pick-up cabinet, the delivery of the courier to the door, and the mode of community cooperation are the main terminal distribution methods in the future.Finally, drawing lessons from JingDong and Tmall logistics terminal distribution mode, the paper points out that on the one hand, it is facing the trend of six kinds of distribution ways of comprehensive cross distribution, on the other hand, it needs to actively open up the "last kilometer" distribution of rural e-commerce logistics through many channels.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F724.6;F252

【参考文献】