我国快递服务合同格式条款法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 06:04

本文选题：快递服务合同 + 格式条款　；参考：《河北经贸大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近十几年来,随着大众消费模式的转变,网上购物电子商务变得普及和盛行,从而带动了快递行业的繁荣和发展。快递服务组织作为连接销售者和消费者之间的重要纽带起到举足轻重的作用。快递服务合同是寄件人和快递企业所签订的约定由快递企业向消费者运送物品的合同。在实践中,快递企业通过设立格式条款进行快递企业和收件人的责任分配。快递企业经常通过格式条款来减轻快递企业方责任,加重消费者方责任且利用条款内容的模糊性和任意解释性,其中包括快递企业利用自身优势任意制定的减责免责条款,如限制性赔偿条款、延误不赔条款、先签后验条款,在具体实践中引发了诸多民事法律纠纷,而怎样更好的解决此类法律纠纷,完善快递服务合同的格式条款制定规则是我们的当务之急。从法律的角度研究快递服务合同格式条款中所出现的问题,进而提出相对应的规制建议是笔者研究的目的和意义。笔者意在通过研究在快递服务合同中所出现格式条款的法律问题,让消费者能提高法律意识,在合法权益被侵害时懂得用法律手段维权,平衡快递企业和消费者的利益,促进快递行业健康发展。文章第一部分介绍了快递服务合同的一般问题,首先对快递服务合同进行界定,对其概念、特点、性质和法律关系都依次作了说明,进而对快递服务合同格式条款进行概述,阐述快递服务合同格式条款的含义特征、格式条款的一般情形和效力认定以及分析其存在的制度价值和功能;文章第二部分主要是通过国内外对快递服务合同格式条款监管和立法现状进行调查与比较,详细阐释英美法系和大陆法系对快递服务合同格式条款的立法规制和司法实践,取其精华,对我国的快递服务合同格式条款法律法规的制订与完善提供参考;文章第三部分详细阐释了快递服务合同格式条款在实践中存在的突出问题与快递纠纷。综合分析快递服务合同格式条款在实践中减责免责条款的一般情形、限制性赔偿条款的效力以及在合同履行过程中产生的签收、验收的法律问题。通过提出问题,分析问题,提出解决意见的研究方法,文章第四部分针对快递服务合同中格式条款的在实践中出现的法律问题提出具体的完善规制建议。这需要通过多方共同努力,加强完善我国对快递服务合同格式条款的立法规制,进而提出具体的可行性建议:如通过制定判断快递服务合同格式条款是否有效的标准、规范较合理的最高赔偿限额、要求快递企业提示义务的规范程度、引入商业保险制度以及行业协会加强监管加以改善。本文研究结论主要是通过分析在快递服务合同格式条款在实践中的出现法律问题,提出可行性建议,以期达到促进快递服务格式条款的制定更加统一完善全面,保障消费者的合法权益,达到各方利益的平衡,使我国快递行业发展呈现良好态势。
[Abstract]:In the past ten years, with the change of mass consumption mode, E-commerce of online shopping has become popular and popular, thus driving the prosperity and development of express delivery industry. As an important link between sellers and consumers, express service organizations play an important role. Express service contract is a contract signed by sender and express delivery enterprise to deliver goods to consumers. In practice, express delivery enterprises through the establishment of format clauses for the distribution of responsibilities between the express enterprise and the addressee. Express delivery enterprises often use format clauses to lighten the liability of express companies, aggravate the responsibility of consumers, and make use of the ambiguity and arbitrary interpretation of the terms, including express delivery companies making use of their own advantages to arbitrarily formulate exemption clauses. Such as the restrictive compensation clause, the delay non-indemnity clause, the prior signing and the post-inspection clause, has caused many civil legal disputes in the concrete practice, but how to better solve this kind of legal dispute, Perfect express service contract format clause formulates the rule is our urgent matter of the moment. It is the purpose and significance of the author to study the problems in the form clause of express service contract from the angle of law, and then put forward the corresponding regulation suggestions. The author intends to study the legal problems of the format clauses in express service contracts, so that consumers can raise their legal awareness, know how to protect their rights by legal means when their legitimate rights and interests are infringed, and balance the interests of express delivery enterprises and consumers. Promote the healthy development of express delivery industry. The first part of the article introduces the general problems of express service contract. First of all, it defines express service contract, explains its concept, characteristics, nature and legal relationship in turn, and then outlines the terms of express service contract format. This paper expounds the meaning characteristics of the form clause of express service contract, the general situation and the validity of the form clause, and analyzes the system value and function of its existence. The second part of the article mainly through the domestic and foreign express service contract form clause supervision and the legislation present situation carries on the investigation and the comparison, elaborated the common law system and the civil law system to express the service contract format clause the legislation regulation and the judicial practice. Take the essence of the express service contract to provide a reference for the formulation and improvement of our country's express service contract form terms and regulations; the third part of the article elaborated the express service contract format clause in practice in the prominent problems and express disputes. This paper comprehensively analyzes the general situation of the exemption clause of liability abatement in practice, the validity of the restrictive compensation clause, and the legal problems of receipt and acceptance in the process of contract performance. By putting forward problems, analyzing problems, and putting forward the research methods of solving opinions, the fourth part of the article puts forward concrete suggestions for perfecting the legal problems in practice of the format clauses in express service contracts. It is necessary to strengthen and perfect the legislative regulation of the contract format terms of express delivery service in our country through the joint efforts of many parties, and then put forward some specific feasible suggestions: for example, by making a standard to judge whether the express service contract format clause is effective or not, We should standardize the reasonable maximum compensation limit, demand the standard degree of the prompt obligation of express delivery enterprises, introduce the commercial insurance system and strengthen the supervision and control of the trade association to improve it. The conclusion of this paper is mainly through the analysis of the legal problems in the practice of express service contract format clause, put forward feasible suggestions, in order to promote the formulation of express service format clauses more unified, perfect and comprehensive. Protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, achieve the balance of interests of all parties, so that the development of express industry in China presents a good situation.
【学位授予单位】：河北经贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.6

【相似文献】