基于极值优化的电子商务供应链弹性研究

发布时间：2018-11-18 22:28

【摘要】：经济的全球化以及互联网时代的到来,极大的推动了电子商务的发展,同时也带来了与之相应的电商供应链的极大关注。如何建立与电商发展同步的供应链,是保障其高速发展的重要因素。本文基于极值优化算法,建立了电商的供应链网络模型,并对其弹性进行了分析。本文首先介绍了电商供应链中的前台物流与后台物流。后台物流即供应链网络问题,前台物流即末端物流问题。之后介绍了他们的大致情况以及发展状况,并指出了其中的不足。随后介绍了针对这些不足即将采取的研究方法,即极值优化算法。从算法基础到改进方法,以及研究进展和存在问题等多个方面,大致的讲解了算法情况。随后,建立了供应网络的数学模型,模型从负载与节点满意度两个角度进行分析,实现了供应网络中个体利益与全局利益的最优化。同时从适应性以及恢复能力等角度分析了网络弹性。最后通过引入经典的丰田汽车的供应链案例进行仿真,验证了算法在增加其弹性上的有效性。最后,由于现有的末端物流问题大多只有理论分析,缺乏实际的定量仿真,或者仿真模型并没有充分考虑末端物流中客户需求的个性化。因此,为降低配送成本同时提高服务质量,本文结合车辆路径问题与电商中消费需求品种多批量小、批次多周期短的特点,针对客户每日需求的不确定性,提出针对每日需求的信息化的弹性配送策略,以人均成本最小化为目标构造了模型;设计基于极值动力学的改进蚁群算法对物流配送路径进行优化,通过寻优‖与弃差‖、局部搜索与全局搜索相结合,提高了算法收敛效率;并在最后通过对算例验证了该算法在面对多种不确定性需求时候的弹性,有助于实现末端物流的高效配送。
[Abstract]:The globalization of economy and the arrival of the Internet era have greatly promoted the development of electronic commerce and brought great attention to the corresponding e-commerce supply chain. How to establish a supply chain synchronized with the development of e-commerce is an important factor to ensure its rapid development. Based on the extremum optimization algorithm, the supply chain network model of E-quotient is established and its elasticity is analyzed. This paper first introduces the foreground logistics and background logistics in e-commerce supply chain. The backstage logistics is the supply chain network problem, and the foreground logistics is the terminal logistics problem. Then introduced their general situation and development, and pointed out the shortcomings. Then, the paper introduces the research method that will be adopted to solve these problems, that is, extremum optimization algorithm. From the basic of the algorithm to the improved method, as well as the research progress and existing problems and other aspects, the algorithm is explained roughly. Then, the mathematical model of the supply network is established. The model is analyzed from the perspectives of load and node satisfaction, and the optimization of individual and global interests in the supply network is realized. At the same time, the flexibility of the network is analyzed from the aspects of adaptability and resilience. Finally, by introducing the classic Toyota supply chain case to the simulation, the effectiveness of the algorithm in increasing its elasticity is verified. Finally, because most of the existing terminal logistics problems are only theoretical analysis, lack of practical quantitative simulation, or the simulation model does not fully consider the customer needs in the end logistics personalized. Therefore, in order to reduce the cost of distribution and improve the quality of service, this paper combines the vehicle routing problem with the characteristics of small quantity and short batch and short period of consumption demand in e-commerce, aiming at the uncertainty of customer's daily demand. A flexible distribution strategy based on daily demand is proposed, and the model is constructed with the goal of minimizing the cost per capita. An improved ant colony algorithm based on extremum dynamics is designed to optimize the logistics distribution path. The convergence efficiency of the algorithm is improved by combining local search with global search. Finally, an example is given to verify the flexibility of the algorithm in the face of a variety of uncertain demands, which is helpful to realize the efficient distribution of terminal logistics.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F724.6;F274

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