中印知识密集型服务贸易国际竞争力影响因素研究

发布时间：2019-03-04 21:35

【摘要】：近些年来,随着经济转型的不断推进,我国服务贸易正不断高速发展。在全球技术和知识不断迅速发展的大背景下,服务贸易的主体开始转变为知识密集型服务贸易。在全球化进程中,货物贸易在世界贸易中所占份额越来越低于服务贸易所占的比重,其中发展最快的是知识密集型服务贸易。鉴于知识密集型服务贸易发展在我国受到的关注程度不足,以及相对落后的科学技术能力,我国知识密集型服务贸易的发展在世界知识密集型服务贸易发展过程中占据的比重非常小。相比而言,印度知识型服务贸易总体上发展强于我国。因此,本文不仅对比分析中印两国知识密集型服务贸易的竞争力,而且还深入研究了对中印两国知识密集型服务竞争力产生影响的六个因素。本文以创新视角界定了知识密集型服务贸易的概念和研究范围,以及产业国际竞争力的概念,为文章后面的实证分析提供了相应的理论基础。知识密集型服务贸易是指投入大量的知识和技术以及人力资本,且通过互联网、电子商务等方式传播新技术且附加值较大的服务贸易。在规定知识密集型服务贸易的范围时,本文按照UNCTAD和WTO的分类原则,将知识密集型服务贸易的范畴界定为:金融、保险、通讯、建筑、电脑和信息、版税和许可费、个人文化和娱乐、其他商业服务八个行业。本文对近16年来中印两国知识密集型服务贸易的发展概况及其国际竞争力比较进行分析。首先,本文通过整理计算大量数据,从总量和结构两个方面对比了中印两国知识密集型服务贸易的发展现状。本文在国际竞争力方面,采用国际市场占有率(IMS)、贸易竞争优势指数(TC)、净出口显示性比较优势指数(NRCA)和显示性竞争优势指数(RCA)这四个指标进行比较分析中印知识密集型服务贸易的国际竞争力。与印度相比,我国的知识密集型服务贸易现处于初始阶段,国家重视程度不够,产品创新程度不高,技术含量不高且运行和管理都不成熟,因此我国知识密集型服务贸易整体上缺乏国际竞争力。在实证过程中,本文通过VAR模型对两国知识密集型服务贸易国际竞争力影响因素进行了实证研究。首先,本文依据迈克尔·波特钻石模型理论中的六个方面选取影响其竞争力的因素:人力资本、人均国民收入、知识密集型服务贸易开放度、外商直接投资、服务业发展水平、货物贸易出口。其次,对引起中印两国知识密集型服务贸易的国际竞争力产生差异的原因进行研究。结果表明,中印知识密集型服务贸易国际竞争力的影响因素呈现出显著差异:印度的知识密集型服务贸易开放度、人力资本、服务业发展水平、人均国民收入以及货物贸易出口在知识密集型服务贸易过程中的影响程度高于我国。最后对实证分析结果进行概况总结,揭示印度知识密集型服务贸易的优势所在,我国可以借鉴其成功经验然后再根据我国的国情实施可以有效地增强我国知识密集型服务贸易竞争力的措施,推动其实现更快更稳定的发展。本文的创新点主要体现在分析国际竞争力影响因素时运用了 VAR模型进行实证分析,此外,在知识密集型服务的分类中添加了建筑服务行业,在以往文献研究中,该服务往往被认为是非知识型的服务贸易,但是因为现今国际建筑工程对施工技术和人员知识水平要求较高,对承包商的技术、管理和施工等的要求也越来愈高,因此本文将建筑服务列为知识密集型服务贸易的范畴。鉴于知识密集型服务贸易是个新兴服务贸易,其数据可获得性有限,所以本文还存在着不足。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of economic transformation, China's service trade is developing at a high speed. In the context of the rapid development of global technology and knowledge, the subject of service trade has begun to shift to knowledge-intensive services trade. In the process of globalization, the share of trade in goods in world trade is more and more lower than that of service trade, of which the fastest-growing is the trade of knowledge-intensive services. The development of knowledge-intensive service trade in China is very small in the process of world knowledge-intensive service trade, in view of the insufficient attention to the development of knowledge-intensive services in our country and the relatively backward scientific and technological capability. In contrast, the overall development of knowledge-based services in India is stronger than that of our country. Therefore, this paper not only compares the competitiveness of the two countries' knowledge-intensive service trade, but also studies the six factors that affect the competitiveness of the knowledge-intensive service in China and India. This paper defines the concept and scope of the knowledge-intensive service trade and the concept of the international competitiveness of the industry, and provides the corresponding theoretical basis for the empirical analysis behind the article. Knowledge-intensive service trade refers to the input of a large amount of knowledge and technology, as well as human capital, and the dissemination of new technologies through the Internet, e-commerce and other ways and the value-added service trade. In defining the scope of knowledge-intensive service trade, this paper defines the category of knowledge-intensive service trade as: finance, insurance, communication, architecture, computer and information, royalties and licensing fees, personal culture and entertainment, in accordance with the classification principles of UNCTAD and WTO. There are eight industries in other business services. This paper analyzes the development of the trade of knowledge-intensive services in China and India over the past 16 years and the comparison of its international competitiveness. First of all, this paper makes a comparison of the current situation of the development of knowledge-intensive service trade between China and India from two aspects: total quantity and structure. In terms of international competitiveness, this paper adopts the international market share (IMS) and the trade competition advantage index (TC). The four indexes of the net export display comparative advantage index (NRCA) and the display competitive advantage index (RCA) are compared and analyzed, and the international competitiveness of the Sino-Indian knowledge-intensive service trade is analyzed. Compared with India, China's knowledge-intensive service trade is in the initial stage, the degree of attention of the country is not enough, the product innovation degree is not high, the technical content is not high, and the operation and management are not mature, so the trade of the knowledge-intensive service in China lacks the international competitiveness. In the empirical process, this paper makes an empirical study on the influence factors of the international competitiveness of the two countries' knowledge-intensive service trade through the VAR model. First, according to the six aspects of the theory of Michael Porter's diamond model, this paper selects the factors that affect their competitiveness: human capital, per capita national income, knowledge-intensive service trade openness, foreign direct investment, service industry development level, and trade in goods. Second, the reason of the difference in the international competitiveness of China and India's knowledge-intensive service trade is studied. The results show that the influence factors of the international competitiveness of China-India knowledge-intensive service trade show a significant difference: the open degree, the human capital and the service development level of the knowledge-intensive service trade in India, The impact of the per capita national income and the export of trade in goods in the process of knowledge-intensive service trade is higher than that of our country. At last, the paper sums up the results of the empirical analysis, and reveals the advantages of the knowledge-intensive service trade in India, and we can learn from the successful experience and then implement the measures that can effectively enhance the trade competitiveness of our knowledge-intensive services according to our country's national conditions. To promote faster and more stable development. The innovation point of this paper is mainly reflected in the analysis of the influence factors of the international competitiveness, and the VAR model is used for the empirical analysis. In addition, the construction service industry is added in the classification of the knowledge-intensive service. In the past literature research, the service is often regarded as a non-knowledge-based service trade. However, because of the high requirement of international construction engineering to the construction technology and personnel knowledge, the higher the requirements for the technology, management and construction of the contractor, the construction service is listed as the category of knowledge-intensive service trade. In view of the fact that knowledge-intensive service trade is a new service trade, its data availability is limited, so there is a shortage in this paper.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F752.68

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