考虑移库和逆向物流的多仓库协同运作研究与应用

发布时间：2019-06-21 21:29

【摘要】：随着电子商务在全球范围的兴起,客户货运需求也在发生巨大的变化,出现小批量、多批次、高频率等需求特征。此外,产品退换服务的效率也成为客户选择企业的重要影响因素之一。在绿色物流和电子商务双重背景下,从企业发展的角度来看,如何在高效满足客户多变货运需求的同时,降低企业的物流成本,防止潜在客户的流失,是每个企业都在极力思考和解决的问题；同时,从区域经济协同发展的角度来看,高效的区域多库协同运作不仅能有效的降低城市交通的拥堵程度,同时也大大降低了城市的环境污染,符合国家对于城市可持续发展的要求。基于目前客户货运需求的变化以及对逆向物流的要求,研究符合企业实际和区域经济发展的物流多仓库协同运作方案,具有十分重要的意义。本文在总结分析电子商务背景下客户货运需求的特征和存在问题的基础上,结合国内外学者对多仓库选址和配送路径问题的研究,基于多库协同运作理念,提出两阶段优化方案,两个方案之间既相互独立,又相辅相成。在优化方案的指导下,前期规划阶段结合LRP模型,综合考虑移库成本和逆向物流的特点,进行区域内的多仓库选址定位,构建综合考虑移库成本和逆向物流的LRPSLCSDP模型,通过蚁群算法求解出仓库选址以及完成无移库状态下的车辆路径规划；在事中运营阶段,结合VRP模型,综合考虑实际运营过程中不同的移库方向和逆向物流的需求,进行车辆配送路径的二次规划,构建带移库和逆向物流的VRPSLDP模型,并通过禁忌搜索算法完成带移库和逆向物流下的配送车辆路径的优化。最后,结合情景分析法,通过引入标杆算例设计示例方案,运用Matlab软件编程求解两个模型,对比三个情景下的企业物流成本等各项指标,验证了两阶段优化方案的实用性和灵活性,为企业在区域范围内构建多库协同运作方案提供一种新的思路。面对电子商务和绿色物流双重背景下物流企业所面临的实际状况,原有的理论模型不考虑库与库之间的关系,显然已经脱离社会实际要求。本文就以下两个方面进行改进：在模型研究方面,突破了库与库之间不存在配送关系的约束,构建了综合考虑移库与逆向物流的数学模型；在理论研究方面,设计了两阶段优化方案,通过数学模型实现了区域多库协同运作的理念,满足了处于不同阶段的企业需求。最后,利用示例的数值分析验证了优化方案的灵活性和优越性,为企业实现区域多库协同运作提供了一种可以借鉴的方法和思路。
[Abstract]:With the rise of e-commerce in the world, customer freight demand is also undergoing great changes, such as small batch, multi-batch, high frequency and so on. In addition, the efficiency of product exchange service has become one of the important factors for customers to choose enterprises. Under the dual background of green logistics and electronic commerce, from the point of view of enterprise development, how to reduce the logistics cost and prevent the loss of potential customers while meeting the changeable freight demand of customers efficiently is the problem that every enterprise is thinking and solving. At the same time, from the point of view of coordinated development of regional economy, efficient regional multi-reservoir cooperative operation can not only effectively reduce the degree of urban traffic congestion, but also greatly reduce the environmental pollution of the city, which meets the requirements of the country for the sustainable development of the city. Based on the changes of customer freight demand and the requirements of reverse logistics, it is of great significance to study the cooperative operation scheme of logistics multi-warehouse in line with the actual situation of enterprises and the development of regional economy. On the basis of summing up and analyzing the characteristics and existing problems of customer freight demand under the background of electronic commerce, combined with the research on multi-warehouse location and distribution path by scholars at home and abroad, based on the concept of multi-warehouse cooperative operation, this paper puts forward a two-stage optimization scheme, which is independent and complementary to each other. Under the guidance of the optimization scheme, combined with LRP model in the early planning stage, considering the characteristics of moving warehouse cost and reverse logistics, the multi-warehouse location in the region is carried out, and the LRPSLCSDP model considering the moving warehouse cost and reverse logistics is constructed. The warehouse location is solved by ant colony algorithm and the vehicle routing planning without moving warehouse is completed. In the operation stage, combined with VRP model, considering the different direction of moving library and the demand of reverse logistics in the actual operation process, the secondary planning of vehicle distribution path is carried out, the VRPSLDP model with moving library and reverse logistics is constructed, and the optimization of distribution vehicle path with moving library and reverse logistics is completed by Tabu search algorithm. Finally, combined with scenario analysis, through the introduction of benchmarking example design example scheme, using Matlab software programming to solve the two models, comparing the three scenarios of enterprise logistics costs and other indicators, verify the practicability and flexibility of the two-stage optimization scheme, and provide a new idea for enterprises to construct multi-database collaborative operation scheme in the regional scope. In the face of the actual situation faced by logistics enterprises under the dual background of electronic commerce and green logistics, the original theoretical model does not consider the relationship between libraries and libraries, and has obviously been divorced from the actual requirements of society. This paper improves the following two aspects: in the aspect of model research, it breaks through the constraint that there is no distribution relationship between the library and the library, and constructs a mathematical model which comprehensively considers the transfer library and reverse logistics; in the theoretical research, a two-stage optimization scheme is designed, and the concept of regional multi-database cooperative operation is realized through the mathematical model, which meets the needs of enterprises in different stages. Finally, the flexibility and superiority of the optimization scheme are verified by the numerical analysis of the example, which provides a method and train of thought for enterprises to realize the cooperative operation of regional multi-database.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F252

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